Roj Chromatography-Pawg Spectrometry (GC-MS) yog ib qho txheej txheem muaj zog uas tau siv dav los xyuas cov teb chaws thiab semivolatile. Txawm li cas los xij, nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv los txheeb xyuas cov chaw sib txuas nonvolatile los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev, suav nrog derivatization. Cov ntawv no tshawb nrhiav cov hom ntawm nonvolatile cov tebchaw tshuaj ntsuam xyuas los ntawm GC-MS, lawv qhov tseem ceeb, thiab cov hau kev siv los xyuas lawv.
Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog qhov sib txawv ntawm LC-MS thiab GC-MS, thov tshawb xyuas cov ntawv no:Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm LC-MS thiab GC-MS?
Dab tsi yog cov nonvolatile sib txuas?
Nonvolatile cov tebchaw yog cov tshuaj uas tsis yaj yooj yim ntawm chav sov. Lawv feem ntau ntawm cov siab dua molecular hnyav thiab polarity, ua rau lawv tsis haum rau kev tsom xam ncaj qha los ntawm GC-MS tsis muaj kev hloov kho. Cov qauv piv txwv suav nrog:
Polymers thiab cov tshuaj ntxiv: cov tshuaj siv nyob rau hauv plastics thiab ntim cov khoom ntim.
Biomolecules: xws li cov amino acids, cov protein, thiab qee cov lipids.
Kws Tshuaj Cov khoom xyaw: nquag muaj cov khoom xyaw (APIs) thiab lawv cov metabolites.
Cov pa paug puteants ib puag ncig: tsis tu ncua orgoic pollutants (pops) thiab cov hlau hnyav.
Cov tswv yim derivatizents
Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov chaw sib txuas no siv GC-MS, kev ua haujlwm feem ntau yuav tsum muaj. Tus txheej txheem no cuam tshuam ib qho kev hloov kho ib qho kev sib txuas los ua kom nws lub volatility los yog kev ruaj khov. Cov Qauv Derivatization muaj xws li:
Silanization: Hloov cov nquag hydrogen atoms nyob rau hauv ib pab pawg ua haujlwm nrog pab pawg li Silicon (piv txwv li, chimethylsylsylsilyl). Hom no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cawv, amines, thiab cov kua roj carboxylic.
Acylation: Cov qauv no qhia cov pab pawg acyl los txhim kho kev hloov pauv thiab siv tau rau cov roj acids thiab cov amino acids.
Methylation: Cov txheej txheem no ntxiv pawg methyl pawg rau cov pej xeem kom sib xyaw kom nce volatility thiab ntes tau.
Cov txheej txheem derivatizents no tuaj yeem hloov pauv tsis yog kev sib txuas hloov mus rau hauv ib daim ntawv uas tuaj yeem raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm GC-MS.
Yog xav paub ntxiv txog Autosampler vials rau roj chromatography, xa mus rau kab lus no:2 ml autosampler vials rau roj chromatography
Dab tsi uas tsis yog cov pob zeb tsis yog GC-MS yuav siv los soj ntsuam?
1. Ib puag ncig cov pa paug
GC-MS tau dav siv los tshawb xyuas cov khoom tsis muaj kuab phom sij uas tau teev tseg los ntawm cov koom haum ib puag ncig. Piv txwv li, U.S Enventional tiv thaiv lub koomhaum (EPA) tau npaj tseg cov hau kev rau kev txheeb xyuas cov pa phem xws li:
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): Kev lag luam tsim kho kom paub txog kev ua haujlwm ib puag ncig.
Tshuaj tua kab: Cov seem los ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb uas paug av thiab dej.
Kev kuaj pom rau cov tebchaw no feem ntau yog li ntawm 1 thiab 28 PPB, ua rau muaj cov siab rhiab ntawm GC-MS thaum sib xyaw ua ke xws li cov khoom nruab nrab microExtraction (SPME).
2. Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb
Hauv thaj chaw ntawm kev nyab xeeb zaub mov, GC-MS yog siv los txheeb xyuas cov tsis huv uas tsis yog cov khoom siv tsis tuaj yeem tuaj rau hauv cov zaub mov. Cov kab mob no suav nrog:
Cov hnab looj tes: tshuaj ntxiv rau plastics los nce ntxiv hloov tau; Piv txwv suav nrog phthalates.
Ntxiv: piv txwv li, antioxidants lossis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom noj.
Lub peev xwm los soj ntsuam cov tebchaw no yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas cov neeg siv kev nyab xeeb thiab ua raws li cov qauv kev cai lij choj.
3. Kws Tshuaj Teb
Kws tsom xam tshuaj feem ntau yuav tsum muaj qhov cim ntawm cov khoom siv tsis muaj zog ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab lawv cov metabolites. Piv txwv li:
Cov khoom xyaw tshuaj (API): thawj lub luag hauj lwm rau kev kho cov nyhuv kho.
Cov metabolites: Cov khoom tsim tau thaum lub sijhawm metabolism hauv cov tshuaj nyob hauv kev siv roj ntsha.
GC-MS tso cai rau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm cov sib txuas no, pab hauv cov chaw muag tshuaj cov chaw muag tshuaj thiab kev tsim yeeb tshuaj.
4. Txheeb xyuas cov piv txwv
Hauv metabolomics, GC-MS tau siv los tshawb xyuas cov metab metabolites hauv cov qauv botological ua xws li zis lossis ntshav. Cov tebchaw feem ntau suav nrog:
Cov amino acids: tsim cov nyom ntawm cov protein, uas tuaj yeem qhia txog cov txiaj ntsig kev noj haus lossis cov teeb meem metabolic.
Organic acids: metabolites koom nrog hauv ntau txoj kev biochemical.
Daim ntawv thov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab txog kev nthuav dav metabolic hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev noj qab haus huv thiab kab mob.
GC-MS Analytical txoj kev
Qauv npaj
Thaum kev txheeb xyuas cov tsis muaj qhov txawv txav siv GC-MS, qauv npaj tau zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov tswv yim yuav muaj:
Ua kua-ua kua extraction (lle): cais analytes los ntawm aqueous matrices.
Khoom Theem Extraction (Spe): concentrates analalytes los ntawm cov mixen ua ntej kev soj ntsuam ua ntej kev soj ntsuam.
Ntsuas
Tus neeg Gc-MS teeb suav nrog:
Roj Chromatograph: cais cov khoom sib txuas sib kis raws li lawv cov kev faib tawm ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob nyob ruaj khov thiab txawb roj av.
Mass Spectrometer: qhia txog cov tebchaw ua teb raws li lawv cov feem ntau-them ib tus piv (M \ / z), muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia kev.
Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kev Ntsuam Xyuas
Thaum lub teeb huab hwm coj los ua, cov ntaub ntawv tsom xam cuam tshuam nrog kev sib piv cov khoom siv loj rau cov tsev qiv ntawv paub lossis cov ntaub ntawv kom raug txheeb xyuas qhov sib txuas. Cov Cuab Yeej Software pab txhawb kev sib piv no, yog li ua kom paub tseeb.
Koj puas paub qhov sib txawv ntawm HPLC vials thiab GC vials? Khij cov ntawv no:Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm HPLC Vials thiab GC vials?
Tag
Roj Chromatography-Pawg Spectrometry tseem yog cov thev naus laus zis hauv ntau yam kev tshawb fawb, kev nyab xeeb zaub mov, chaw muag tshuaj, thiab metabolomics, thiab metabolomics Thaum kev soj ntsuam ncaj qha ntawm cov tebchaw no yog qhov nyuaj vim lawv txoj kev tau txais thaj chaw, cov tswv yim pom tau zoo nthuav dav ntawm GC-MS cov ntawv thov. Raws li cov kev ntsuas cov hau kev txuas ntxiv mus hloov zuj zus, kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua haujlwm thoob plaws kev lag luam thaum muaj kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb.
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