Zeziphi izinto ezingekho mthethweni ezihlalutyo zihlalutywe ngu-GC-Nks?

I-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) yindlela enamandla ohlalutyo esetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya kunye ne-semivolatile. Nangona kunjalo, inokusetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya imichiza engazizoliyo iindlela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukukhutshwa. Eli nqaku lichonga iintlobo ngeentlobo zeziqholo ezingafakwanga zihlanjululwe yi-GC-Nks, ibaluleke kakhulu, kunye neendlela ezisetyenziselwa ukubafumana.

Ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nomahluko phakathi kwe-LC-Nks kunye ne-GC-Nks, nceda ujonge eli nqaku:Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi kwe-LC-Nks kunye ne-GC-Nks?

Zithini izinto ezingathandabuzekiyo?

Iziqu ezingapheliyo zizinto ezingaphumeleli ngokulula kubushushu begumbi. Ngokwesiqhelo banobunzima obukhuselekileyo bemolecy kunye ne-polacy, besenza ukuba bafaneleke phantsi kohlalutyo ngokuthe ngqo nguGC-NS ngaphandle kokuguqulwa. Imizekelo eqhelekileyo ibandakanya:

I-polymers kunye nokongezwa: Izinto ezisetyenziselwa iiplastiki kunye nezixhobo zokupakisha.

I-biomolecules: ezinje nge-amino acid, iiproteni, kunye nee-lipids ezithile.

Amayeza: Izithako zamachiza ezisebenzayo (APIS) kunye neMetabolites zabo.

Ukungcoliseka kwendalo: I-Poltbaents ye-organies ye-organies) kunye nentsimbi enzima.

Iindlela zokukhupha

Ukuhlalutya amakhonjisi engazinziyo kusetyenziswa i-GC-Nks, ukugxothwa kudla ngokufuneka. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukuguqula imichiza yokwandisa ingqumbo yayo okanye uzinzo. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokucoca zibandakanya:

Isithili: Ukutshintsha ii-athom ezisebenzayo ze-hydrogen kwiqela elisebenzayo ngeqela lesilika (E.G., Trimyeyllilyl). Le ndlela isebenza kakuhle kwii-alcohols, ama-Amines, kunye ne-carboxylic acids.

I-Acypotion: Le ndlela yazisa amaqela e-ACyl ukuphucula ukuzinza kwaye isetyenziselwa i-Acids Catty Acids kunye ne-Amino Acids.

I-Methylity: Obu buchule bongeza amaqela e-methyl ukuya kwiindawo zokunyusa ukungazinzi kunye nokufumana lula.

Olu cebo lokugxothwa lunokuguqula imiqubane engahambelaniyo ibe yifom enokuphinda ihlalutywe ngempumelelo yi-GC-Nk.

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga ne-vials ye-autosampler ye-chromatography, ibhekisa kweli nqaku:I-2 ml automampler vials ye-chromatography yegesi

Zeziphi izinto ezingekho mthethweni ze-GC-ms zisetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya?

1. Ukungcoliseka kwendalo

I-GC-Nks isetyenziselwa ngokubanzi ukuhlalutya izinto ezingekhoyo eziguqukayo eziguqukayo ezidweliswe ziiarhente zendalo. Umzekelo, i-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdawo (i-EPA) icebise ngeendlela zokuhlalisa izinto eziphambili ngokubaluleka ezinjengezi

I-bipychelin ye-bipchericatedls (i-PCBS): Ukwaziswa kwemichiza abasebenza kwimizi-mveliso.

Izibulala-zinambuzane: Iintsalela ezivela kwiindlela zezolimo ezingcolisa umhlaba namanzi.

Ukufumanisa imida yezi zinto ziphakathi kwe-1 ne-4 ye-PPB, ibonisa ubuntununtunu obuphezulu kwe-GC-Nks xa kudityaniswa neendlela ezifanelekileyo zokukhuphela ezifana nenqanaba lesigaba esiqinileyo (SPME).

2. Uhlalutyo lokutya lokutya

Kwindawo yokhuseleko lokutya, i-GC-MS isetyenziselwa ukubonisa ungcoliseko olungagungqiyo olunokufudukela kwizixhobo zokufaka. Ezi ngxilimbela zibandakanya:

Iiplastiki: Imichiza yongezwa kwiplastiki ukonyusa ukuguquguquka; Imizekelo ibandakanya iPhthalates.

Izongezo: umzekelo, i-antioxidants okanye izilondolozo ezinokuqesha ekutyeni.

Ukukwazi ukuhlalutya ezi zinto zikhohlakele kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwabathengi kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yolawulo.

I-3. Amachiza amayeza

Uhlalutyo lwamayeza luhlala lufuna ukuchongwa kwezithako ezingezizo ezingu-lungisa kunye neMetabolites zabo. Imizekelo ibandakanya:

Izithako ezisebenzayo zamachiza (API): Isithako esiyintloko esinoxanduva lokuziphatha.

I-metaboltes: iimveliso ezenziwe ngexesha lemetabolism yechiza ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yebhayoloji.

I-GC-MS ivumela uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha zezi zikhombisi, inzale kwiZifundo ze-phammacokinetic kunye nophuhliso lweziyobisi.

4. Iisampulu zebhayoloji

Kwi-metabomics, i-GC-MS isetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya i-metabolites engaqhelekanga kwiisampulu zebhayoloji ezintsonkothileyo njengomchamo okanye igazi. Iphulukwane ngokubanzi ibandakanya:

I-Amino Acids: Ukwakha iibhloko zeeproteni, ezinokubonisa imeko yesondlo okanye ukuphazamiseka kwemetabolic.

I-Acids ye-organic: i-metabolites ibandakanyeka kwindlela eyahlukeneyo ye biochemical.

Esi sicelo sibalulekile ekuqondeni i-metabolic kwimixholo yempilo nezifo.

Iindlela zokuhlaziywa kwe-GC-MS

Ukulungiswa kwesampulu

Xa uhlalutya iziqu ezingezizo eziguqukayo zisebenzisa i-GC-NS, amalungiselelo esampulu esebenzayo kubalulekile. Iindlela zobuchule zinokubandakanya:

Ukukhupha i-Liqhezu (LE): Ukwahlulahlula kwiimatriki ezinamanzi.

Ukukhutshwa kweSigaba seSigaba seSigaba (Spe): Ukugxila kuhlalutya ukusuka kumxube ontsonkothileyo ngaphambi kohlalutyo.

Isixhobo

Ukuseta okuqhelekileyo kwe-GC-DS kubandakanya:

I-chromatograph yegesi: Yahlulahlula amacandelo obuya ngokusekwe kwisahlulelo sabo phakathi kwezigaba zesikhululo kunye ne-mobile zegesi.

I-Mass Spectrometer: Chonga iziqu ezisekwe kumlinganiso wazo ogcweleyo (m \ / z), ukubonelela ngolwazi lwesakhiwo.

Uhlalutyo lwedatha

Nje ukuba i-spectrum enkulu ifunyenwe, uhlalutyo lwedatha lubandakanya ukuthelekisa i-spectum yethala leencwadi okanye i-database yokuchonga ngokuchanekileyo. Izixhobo zesoftware phambili zesoftware iqhuba le thelekiso, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe isazisi.

Ngaba uyawazi umahluko phakathi kwee-vials ze-HPLC kunye ne-GC Vials? Jonga eli nqaku:Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi kwee-vials ze-HPLC kunye ne-GC Vials?

Ukuqukumbela

I-chromatography-mass shoctrametry ihlala ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-chemistry yohlalutyo ekufumaneni iinkunkuma ezingezizo ezikwimo yendalo, ukhuseleko lokutya, kunye ne-metabomics. Ngelixa uhlalutyo ngqo kwezi ntlobo lucelomngeni ngenxa yeepropathi zalo zendalo, iindlela zokukhupha ziye zandise kakhulu usetyenziso lwe-GC-MS. Njengoko iindlela zokuhlalutya ziyaqhubeka nokuvela, i-GC-MS inokwenzeka ukuba idlale indima ebaluleke ngakumbi ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nokuthotyelwa kwamashishini ngelixa kusenziwa inkqubela phambili kuphando lwenzululwazi.