I-chromatography yegesi (GC)Indlela ebalulekileyo yohlalutyo esetyenziselwa ukwahlula kunye nokuhlalutya imiqathango kumxube. Omnye wemilinganiselo ephambili kwi-GC yindawo encotsheni, enxulumene noxinzelelo lohlalutyo kwisampulu. Ukuqonda izinto ezichaphazela indawo encotsheni kubalulekile ekufumaneni iziphumo ezithembakeleyo nezibuyisiweyo. Eli nqaku lithatha i-in-in-in-nvelise izinto ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela indawo ye-GC Peak, kubandakanya ne-intiquique, iimeko zekholamu, useto lomfundi, kunye neempawu zesampulu.

KubaIngcaciso engaphezulu malunga ne-vials ye-autosampler ye-chromatography, ibhekisa kweli nqaku: I-2 ml automampler vials ye-chromatography yegesi

I-1. Inaliti

Indlela yesampulu yesampulu idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni indawo ye-Peak:

Ivolumu ye-Ina: Isixa sesampulu kufuneka sichanekile. Ukulayisha ngaphezulu ikholamu kunokubangela ukugqobhoza i-peak njengokuphambili okanye ukujikeleza, okunokuchaphazela indawo elinganayo. Ngokwahlukileyo, ivolumu yejeyi enganelanga inokubangela ukuqina okusezantsi kunye nokuncitshiswa kwendawo encitshisiweyo.

Isantya senaliti: Isantya apho isampulu igalelwe sinokuchaphazela imeko ye-Peak kunye nendawo encopho. Inaliti ekhawulezayo inokubangela ukuba isiphithiphithi sixube kwaye sindise ibhendi, ekugqibeleni ukunciphisa indawo encotsheni.

I-Ination Inaliti: Inaliti engenaziphazamiso ihlala isetyenziselwa ukulandelwa kwendlela kuba bavumela uhlalutyo ngakumbi ukuze bangene kwikholamu, enokubakho ekwanda i-Peak indawo. Ngokwahlukileyo, inaliti eyahlulahliweyo iphosa isampulu, ikhokelela kwiindawo ezincinci ezixineneyo kwiisampulu ezigxilwe kuzo.

2. Iimeko zekholamu

Iimpawu zekholamu zinefuthe elibonakalayo kwindawo ye-Peak:

Uhlobo lwekholamu kunye nobukhulu: Ukukhetha ikholamu (E.G., Capillary vs. Ipakishwe) ichaphazela isisombululo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. I-Capillary Iikholamu zihlala zinobubanzi obuncinci kunye nendawo enkulu ephezulu, ezikhokelela ekuzinyweni okungcono kunye neencopho ezibuthathaka.

Ubushushu bekholamu: Ukulawulwa kobushushu kubalulekile kwi-GC. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anokuphucula ukuzinza kwaye aphucule i-LOLL, kodwa inakho ukubangela iincopho ezibanzi ukuba zingalawulwa ngokufanelekileyo. Kwelinye icala, amaqondo obushushu asezantsi anokubangela ixesha elide lokugcina izinto kunye neendawo eziphakamileyo ngenxa yokwahlulahlula.

Ireyithi yokuhamba kwegesi yearhente: Inqanaba lokuhamba kwegesi yothutho ichaphazela indlela abahlalutyo abahlalutyo behamba kwikholamu. Ixabiso lokuqhuba elilungisa liqinisekisa iincopho ezibukhali; Ireyithi ephezulu kakhulu ikhokelela ekunciphiseni ukusebenzisana phakathi kohlalutyo kunye nenqanaba lesikhululo, kukhokelela kwiinkalo ezincinci.

Ngaba uyawazi umahluko phakathi kwee-vials ze-HPLC kunye ne-GC Vials? Jonga eli nqaku:Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi kwee-vials ze-HPLC kunye ne-GC Vials?

I-3. Useto lomhlolisi

Intsebenzo yombhali ichaphazela ukuchaneka komgangatho we-Deak:

Imvakalelo yokufumanisa: Oovimba abahlukeneyo banemvakalelo eyahlukileyo yokuhlaziya. Umzekelo, umckimi wedangatye wedayali (i-FID) inovelwano kakhulu, kodwa akanakutshona ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izinto ezidityanisiweyo, echaphazela indawo evaliweyo.

Ixesha lokuphendula: Ixesha lokuphendula elingumcuphi lichaphazela indlela eaqala ngokukhawuleza ngayo kwiinguqu kuhlalutyo. Amaxesha okuphendula kancinci aphumela kwiincopho ezibanzi, ezinciphisa indawo ebaliwe.

Uzinzo lobushushu: Iinciniba ezininzi zinovelwano ekuguqukeni kobushushu. Ukuqinisekisa ubushushu bokusebenza ngokuzinzileyo kunceda ukugcina impendulo engaguqukiyo kunye nomlinganiselo ochanekileyo wendawo encotsheni.

4. Iimpawu zesampulu

Uhlobo lwesampulu yahlalutya ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo:

Uxinzelelo: uxinzelelo lohlalutyo luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo indawo encotsheni; uphakathi koxinzelelo, enkulu yendawo yenqanaba. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uxinzelelo lungaphezulu koluhlu oluluhlu lomchongi, ukumiswa kunye nemilinganiselo engachanekanga kunokubangelwa.

Iziphumo zeMatrix: ubukho bezinye iikhomputha kwiMatrix enzima inokusiphazamisa ekufumaneni uhlalutyo. Izinto zeMatrix zinokufumana okanye ziphendule kuhlalutyo, zikhokelela ekunciphiseni indawo encomekayo okanye amaXesha aguqukayo.

Ukuzinza: Ukuzinza kohlalutyo kuchaphazela indlela yokuziphatha kwayo ngexesha leChromatography. Amanzi amaninzi akhawulezayo akhawulezileyo kwaye anokuvelisa iincopho ezibukhali kunezikhombisi ezingaphantsi komhlaba, ezinokubangela iincopho ezibanzi ngeendawo ezincitshisiweyo ngenxa yokuba amaxesha okugcinwa kwandisiwe.

I-5. Ukusebenza kwenkqubo

Ukusebenza kwenkqubo ngokubanzi kubalulekile kwiziphumo ezichanekileyo ze-GC:

Ingxolo yesiseko: Ingxolo yesiseko sengxolo inokwenza imaski encinci okanye inciphise ubungakanani bobungakanani, echaphazela ukuchaneka kokudityaniswa nokukhokelela kwiimpazamo kubalo lwengingqi.

Ukusebenza kwekholamu: Ukuncitshiswa kwekholamu yokusebenza kakuhle ngenxa yokwaluphala okanye ungcoliseko kunokukhokelela kwiincopho ezibanzi kunye neendawo ezincinci. Ukulungiswa rhoqo rhoqo kunye nokubeka esweni ukusebenza kwekholam kubalulekile ekufezekiseni iziphumo ezingaguqukiyo.

Iparamitha yokudityaniswa: Isoftware esetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iincopho kufuneka zilungiselelwe ngokuchanekileyo. Izicwangciso ezingalunganga zinokukhokelela kubalo olungachanekanga lwendawo olungachanekanga ngenxa yokubekwa okungachanekanga kwindawo yokubeka engachanekanga okanye ukudibanisa.

Ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nomahluko phakathi kwe-LC-Nks kunye ne-GC-Nks, nceda ujonge eli nqaku: Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi kwe-LC-Nks kunye ne-GC-Nks?

Ukuqukumbela

Iindawo ze-piak ezichaphazelekayo zichaphazeleka ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya nejele yokufumana inaliti nakwiimeko zekholamu, useto lomnyhadala, kunye neempawu zesampulu. Ukuqinisekisa idatha esemgangathweni ephezulu, abaphandi balawula ngononophelo lwevolumu kunye nesantya, benza ukuba iimeko zekholamu ezinje ngamaqondo obushushu kunye nereyithi yokuhamba, kunye nokugcina intsebenzo yokufumana i-curibection ngokulinganayo. Kufuneka bathathele ingqalelo iziphumo zesampula xa belungiselela iisampulu. Ngokulungisa le micimbi, iilebhu zinokuphucula ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kohlalutyo lwe-chromatographic, ekugqibeleni zifumana iziphumo ezinokuthenjwa.

Ngaphambili:

Yintoni i-vial vial kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kwi-chromatography?

Okulandelayo:

I-cod digs i-vials (HG-free): Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi