Iityhubhu zeoksijini zeoksijini (i-COD) zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo kuhlalutyo lokusingqongileyo, ngakumbi ekuvavanyeni umgangatho wamanzi kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zolungiselelo, zezemizi-mveliso nezendalo. Ezi tubs ezikhethekileyo zenzelwe ukumelana neenkani Inkqubo yokuvavanywa kwe-DOD, ebandakanya ukulinganisa isixa seoksijini efunekayo kwi-overaly ye-overals ye-overals ye-overals ye-overals ye-overaly ye-overals ye-overals ye-overals ye-overals ye-overals ye-overaly ye-overals ye-overals subles paral. Eli nqaku lichonga umsebenzi, ukwakhiwa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweIityhubhu ze-COD, ibalaselise ukubaluleka kwabo kulawulo lokuhlola okusingqongileyo kunye nonyango lwenkunkuma.

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga neetyhubhu zovavanyo lwe-COD kunye nezicelo zazo kuhlalutyo lwamanzi, zibhekisa kweli nqaku: "Indlela ityhubhu yovavanyo lwe-CoD esetyenziswa ngayo kuhlalutyo lwamanzi."

Ukuqonda imfuno yeoksijini yeoksijini (i-COD)

I-COD yiparamitha ephambili esetyenziselwa ukuvavanya inqanaba longcoliseko lwe-organic kwiqumrhu lamanzi. Ilinganisa imfuno yeoksijini yeoksijini eveliswayo xa zonke iikhawuntari ze-organic kwiSampuli ziyi-Oxidants (zihlala zisidima) phantsi kweemeko ze-acidic. Ixabiso le-COD linokubonelela ngefuthe elinokubakho lamanzi amdaka kwi-ecosystems, njengoko ukugxila okuphakathi komcimbi ophilayo kunokubangela ukupheliswa kweoksijini ekufumaneni amanzi, anokuchaphazela kakubi ubomi basemanzini.

Ukwakhiwa kweeTubs zovavanyo lweCOD

Iityhubhu zovavanyo ze-CODngokuyintloko zenziwe kwiglasi ye-borossilicate, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-thermal yayo efanelekileyo kunye nokuchasana nemichiza. Esi sixhobo sibalulekile njengoko inkqubo yokugaya ifuna ukufudumeza iisampulu ukuya kwi-150 ° C kwiiyure ezimbini. Iityhubhu zovavanyo zifakwa ukuvalwa kwe-screw-cap ezihlala zibonisa i-ptfe \ / i-silicone septum ukuthintela ukuvuza kunye nokungcolisa ngexesha lenkqubo yokugaya.

Ezona mpawu

Izixhobo: Iglasi ye-borodilicicate iqinisekisa ukuqina kunye nokuxhathisa kwi-thermal eyothukiyo kunye nekhemizi lemichiza.

Uyilo: Uyilo lwe-cap-cap luvumela ukutywina ngokukhuselekileyo ngexesha lokugaya amaqondo obushushu.

Ubungakanani bodwa: Iityhubhu zovavanyo ze-COD ziza ngobukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye namandla ukulungiselela imiqulu eyahlukeneyo yesampulu kwaye ilindelwe (i-3-150 mg (ye-3-150 mg \ / l) ukugxininisana.

Inkqubo yokugaya

Inkqubo yokuvavanywa kwe-COD ibandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi amanqam:

Ukulungiselela kwesampulu: Isampulu yamanzi kuqokelelwa kwaye igcinwe nge-sulfuric acid ukuzinzisa izinto eziphilayo.

I-Aliquoing: Ivolumu eDityanisiweyo (i-2 ml) yesampulu idluliselwe kwityhubhu yovavanyo lwe-COD.

Ukugaya:I-tube yovavanyoibekwe kwindawo ye-Cod iseti ukuya kwi-150 ° C iiyure ezimbini. Ngeli xesha, umcimbi owenziwa ngu-onyuselwe yi-potassium dichromate kwindawo ye-acidic.

Ukulinganiswa: Emva kokugaya, i-ansorbles yesongelo sesiphumo silinganiswa ngokusebenzisa i-spectraphotometer kwizilumkiso ezithile (zihlala zingama-600 NM) ukumisela uxinzelelo lwezinto eziphilayo.

Le ndlela ivumela uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo lomgangatho wamanzi xa kuthelekiswa ne-biochimical oschogen ye-oxygen yeoksijini (ethatha iintsuku ezininzi ukuvelisa iziphumo.

Ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga netyhubhu ye-COD, nceda ujonge eli nqaku:I-COD yovavanyo lwe-COD kunye ne-PP CAP YOKUHLAZIYWA KOLWAZI

Izicelo zovavanyo lwe-COD

1. Unyango lwamanzi amdaka

Kwindawo yokunyanga yamanzi amdaka, uvavanyo lwe-COD lubalulekile ekujonganeni nokusebenza kweenkqubo zonyango. Ngokulinganisa amanqanaba e-COD ngaphambi nasemva konyango, abaqhubi banokuvavanya ukuba izigaba zisusa impilo-chini evela kumanzi amdaka. Olu lwazi lubalulekile ukuze lungenele iinkqubo zonyango kwaye luqinisekise ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokusingqongileyo echaza imida yamkelekileyo yokugxotha.

2. Ukuhlolwa kwendalo

Iiarhente zokusingqongileyo zisebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-COD ukubeka esweni umgangatho wamanzi kwimilambo, amachibi, kunye nezinye izidumbu zamanzi. Ukuvavanywa rhoqo kunceda ekuchongeni imithombo yongcoliseko kunye nokuvavanya impilo yendalo yendawo yasemanzini. Amanqanaba e-CoD anokukubonisa ungcoliseko lokukhutshelwa kwemizi-mveliso okanye ukubaleka kwimisebenzi yezolimo, eshukumisela ukuqhubeka nophando kunye nemizamo yokuhlaziya.

3. Ukuthobela umthetho

Uninzi lwejurisdicection lusekwe imida yolawulo lwamanqanaba e-CoD ekugxothweni amanzi amdaka ukukhusela iindawo zendalo yasemanzini. Ngokwenza uvavanyo lwe-COD rhoqo usebenzisa iindlela ezisemgangathweni kunye nezixhobo ezifana neetyhubhu zovavanyo lwe-COD, izityalo zonyango zinokubonisa ukuthotyelwa kule migaqo kwaye zithintele izohlwayo ezinokubakho okanye isenzo esifanelekileyo.

4. Uphando kunye nophuhliso

Kwizicwangciso zophando kunye nemizi mveliso,Iityhubhu zovavanyo ze-CODbaqeshiwe kwizifundo ezijolise ekuphuhliseni itekhnoloji yonyango lwamanzi amdaka omdaka okanye ukuqonda indlela yokuziphatha engcolisekileyo yokuziphatha okungcolileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Umlinganiso ochanekileyo we-COD ubalulekile ekuvavanyeni ukusebenza kweendlela ezintsha okanye ukuthelekisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango.

Ezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zokusebenzisa iityhubhu zovavanyo zeCOD

Ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezichanekileyo xa usebenzisaIityhubhu zovavanyo ze-COD, kubalulekile ukuba ulandele ezona ndlela zibalaseleyo:

Uthintelo longcoliseko: Qiniseka ukuba zonke izixhobo zicocekile kwaye zikhululekile kwi-ompanants ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa.

Ukuphatha ngokufanelekileyo: Sebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokhuselo

Ukulinganisa: Rhoqo ucocekile izixhobo ze-spectraphotometric ezisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa i-abloby ukugcina ukuchaneka.

Landela imiyalelo yomenzi: Zibethele ngokungqongqo kwizikhokelo ezibonelelwe ngabavelisi malunga nokulungiselela isampulu, ixesha lokugaya ixesha, kunye noseto lobushushu.

Ukuqukumbela

Iityhubhu zovavanyo ze-CODsisixhobo esibalulekileyo kuhlalutyo lokusingqongileyo, ukubonelela ngedatha ebaluleke kakhulu kumgangatho wamanzi kunye namanqanaba ongcoliseko. Uyilo lwabo oluhlanganisiweyo lubenza bakwazi ukumelana neemeko zovavanyo ngelixa bebonelela ngemilinganiselo echanekileyo ebaluleke kakhulu kulawulo lwamanzi amdaka afanelekileyo kunye nokukhusela isisiqingqo. As regulations regarding water quality become increasingly stringent, COD testing will continue to play an important role in protecting aquatic ecosystems and public health through informed decisions based on reliable data.

Ukuqonda okunzulu malunga nendlela i-cod isebenza ngayo kuvavanyo lwamanzi, nceda ujonge kweli nqaku: "Umgaqo wokusebenzela we-vial vial vial."

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