Yiziphi izinhlanganisela ezingaguquki ezihlaziywa yi-GC-MS?

I-Gesi Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) iyindlela enamandla yokuhlaziya esetshenziswa kabanzi ukuhlaziya amakhompiyutha aguquguqukayo kanye nama-semivolatile. Kodwa-ke, ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuhlaziya amakhompiyutha angezona angenalutho ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukutholwa. Lo mbhalo uhlola izinhlobo zezinto ezingekho emthethweni ezihlaziywe yi-GC-MS, ukubaluleka kwazo, kanye nezindlela ezisetshenziselwa ukuzithola.

Ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngomehluko phakathi kwe-LC-MS ne-GC-MS, sicela uhlole le ndatshana:Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-LC-MS ne-GC-MS?

Yini amakhompiyutha angezona angenangqondo?

Amakhompiyutha angelona angewona anezinto ezingaguquki kalula emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni. Ngokuvamile zinesisindo esiphakeme se-molecular ne-polarity, kubenza balungele ukuhlaziya okuqondile yi-GC-MS ngaphandle kokuguqulwa. Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zifaka:

Ama-polymers kanye nezithasiselo: izinto ezisetshenziswa kumapulasitiki nezinto zokwakha.

Ama-Biomolecule: njengama-amino acid, amaprotheni, nama-lipid athile.

Amakhemikhali: Izithako zezemithi ezisebenzayo (API) nama-metabolites abo.

Ukungcoliswa kwemvelo: Ukungcola okuphikelelayo okuqhubekayo (pops) kanye nezinsimbi ezisindayo.

Amasu Okuthola Amasu

Ukuhlaziya amakhompiyutha angezona angenalutho usebenzisa i-GC-MS, ukufunwa kwe-derivatization kuvame ukudingeka. Le nqubo ifaka ukulungisa amakhemikhali ukuguqula i-Compound ukukhulisa ukuguquguquka kwayo noma ukuqina. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuthola ukufunwa zifaka:

I-Silanization: Ukubuyisela ama-athomu asebenzayo we-hydrogen eqenjini elisebenzayo ngeqembu le-silicon (e.g., Trimethylsilyl). Le ndlela iyasebenza ngotshwala, ama-Amines, nama-carboxylic acid.

I-Accylation: Le ndlela yethula amaqembu a-ARCY ukuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ama-fatty acids nama-amino acid.

I-methylation: Le ndlela ingeza amaqembu we-methyl ukuze akhulise ukuguquguquka nokuthola.

Lezi zindlela zokuthola usizo zingaguqula amakhompiyutha angewona aguqukayo abe yifomu elingahlaziywa ngempumelelo yi-GC-MS.

Ngolwazi oluthe xaxa ngama-autosampler vials we-chromatography yegesi, bhekani le ndatshana:2 ml autosampler vials we-chromatography yegesi

Yimaphi amakhompiyutha angaguquki angasetshenziswa ama-GC-MS ukuhlaziya?

1. Ukungcoliswa kwemvelo

I-GC-MS isetshenziswa kabanzi ukuwahlaziya izinto ezinobungozi ezingezona ezinobungozi obuhlelwe ngama-ejensi ezemvelo. Isibonelo, i-U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) iphakamise izindlela zokuhlaziya izindondo ezibaluleke kakhulu ezifana:

Ama-Biphenlyls ahlanganiswe (ama-PCB): Amakhemikhali ezimboni aziwa ngokuphikelela kwawo kwezemvelo.

Ama-pesticides: izinsalela ezivela kwimikhuba yezolimo engcolisa inhlabathi namanzi.

Imikhawulo yokutholwa kwalezi zinhlaka ngokuvamile phakathi kwe-1 no-28 PPB, ekhombisa ukuzwela okuphezulu kwe-GC-MS lapho kuhlanganiswe namasu afanele wokukhishwa afana nesigaba esiqinile se-MicroexTraction (SPME).

2. Ukuhlaziywa kokuphepha kokudla

Endaweni yokuphepha kokudla, i-GC-MS isetshenziselwa ukukhomba abangcoliso abangaguquki abangafuduka ekuhambeni kwezinto zokupakisha ekudleni. Lokhu kungcola kufaka:

Amapulasitiki: Amakhemikhali angezwe kumapulasitiki ukwandisa ukuguquguquka; Izibonelo zifaka phakathi kwama-phthalates.

Izengezo: Isibonelo, ama-antioxidants noma ama-preservatives angenza ukudla kube ukudla.

Amandla okuhlaziya lezi zinhlanganisela kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kwabathengi kanye nokuhambisana namazinga okulawula.

3. Amakhompiyutha amakhambi

Ukuhlaziywa kwemithi kuvame ukudinga ukukhonjwa kwezithako zemithi ezingaguquki kanye nama-metabolites abo. Izibonelo zifaka:

Izithako ezisebenzayo zemithi (API): Isithako esiyinhloko esibhekele umphumela wokwelapha.

Ama-Metabolites: Kusungulwe imikhiqizo ngesikhathi semetabolism yesidakamizwa ngaphakathi kohlelo lwebhayoloji.

I-GC-MS ivumela ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwalezi zinhlaka, ukusiza ezifundweni ze-pharmacokinetic kanye nentuthuko yokwakha izidakamizwa.

4. Amasampula endalo

E-Metabolomics, i-GC-MS isetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya ama-metabolites angaguquki kumasampula ayinkimbinkimbi afana nomchamo noma igazi. Amakhompiyutha ajwayelekile ahlaziya afaka:

Ama-amino acid: amabhlogo wokwakha amaprotheni, angakhombisa isimo sokudla okunempilo noma ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic.

Ama-Organic acid: Metabolites abandakanyeka ezindleleni ezahlukahlukene ze-biochemical.

Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lubalulekile ukuqonda ukusayinwa kwe-metabolic ngokwesimo sempilo nezifo.

Izindlela zokuhlaziya ze-GC-MS

Ukulungiswa kwesampula

Lapho uhlaziya amakhompiyutha angaguquki usebenzisa i-GC-MS, ukulungiswa kwesampula okusebenzayo kubalulekile. Amasu angabandakanya:

Ukukhishwa okuwuketshezi (i-LLE): Ihlukanisa ukuhlaziya kusuka kuma-matric auchico.

Ukukhishwa kwesigaba esiqinile (i-SPE): Kugxila kuhlaziywe kusuka ekuxubeni okuyinkimbinkimbi ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa.

Ithuntula

Ukusethwa okujwayelekile kwe-GC-MS kufaka phakathi:

Igesi Chromatograph: Ihlukanisa izingxenye eziguquguqukayo ngokususelwa ekuhlukaniseni kwabo phakathi kwezigaba zokuma kanye nezinto ze-mobile.

I-Mass Spectrometer: Ikhomba amakhompiyutha asuselwa ku-ratio yabo yokushayisana nokushaja (m \ z), enikeza imininingwane yesakhiwo.

Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha

Lapho nje i-Mass Spectrum iyatholakala, ukuhlaziya idatha kubandakanya ukuqhathanisa i-Mass Spectrum kuya kumtapo wezincwadi owaziwayo noma i-database ukuze ukhombe kabusha i-Compound. Amathuluzi wesoftware athuthukile enza lokhu kuqhathaniswa, khona-ke ukuthuthukisa ukukhonjwa.

Ngabe uyawazi umehluko phakathi kwe-HPLC VIALS kanye nama-GC vials? Bheka le ndatshana:Uyini umehluko phakathi kwama-HPLC vials nama-GC vials?

Ukugcina

Igesi i-Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ihlala ibuchwepheshe obuhle kumakhemikhali wokuhlaziya wokutholwa kwamakhompiyutha angezona akhona emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nesayensi yezemvelo, ukuphepha kokudla, kanye nama-metabolomics. Ngenkathi ukuhlaziya okuqondile kwalezi zinhlanganisela kuyinselele ngenxa yezindawo zabo ezingokwemvelo, amasu wokuthola amathuba anwebekile kakhulu ubukhulu be-GC-MS application. Njengoba izindlela zokuhlaziya ziyaqhubeka nokuvela, ama-GC-MS kungenzeka adlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kanye nokuthobelana kuzo zonke izimboni ngenkathi enza intuthuko ocwaningweni lwesayensi.