Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-GC-MS ne-GC-MS \ ms?

I-GEG CHROMAPLOgraphy-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) kanye negesi i-Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS \ ms) yizindlela zokuhlaziya ezithuthukile ezisetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni zesayensi ezinjengemithi, isayensi yezemvelo, kanye nokuphepha kokudla. Ngenkathi zombili izindlela zisebenzisa igesi i-Chromatography (GC) yokuhlukanisa kanye ne-Mass Spectrometry (MS) yokuhlonza, zihlukile kakhulu ezinhlanganweni zazo zokusebenza, amakhono, kanye nezicelo. Lo mbhalo uhlola lo mehluko ngokuningiliziwe.

Yini i-GC-MS?

Ukulungiswa kwesampula

Ukukhishwa kwesigaba esiqinile (i-SPE) noma ukukhishwa okuwuketshezi (i-Lle) kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukususa ukungqubuzana matrix futhi kuthuthukise ukuzwela.

Ukutholwa (isb.

Isebenza kanjani

I-GC-MS ihlanganisa i-GC Chromatography nge-Mass Spectrometry yokuhlaziywa kwezingxube eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngale nqubo, isampula ihleliwe futhi yathunyelwa ngekholomu ye-chromatographic esebenzisa igesi e-inert njengesigaba seselula. Lapho amakhompiyutha ehlukaniswe ngokususelwa ekuguqukeni kwawo kanye nokuxhumana nesigaba seminyaka, angeniswa kwi-Mass Spectrometer.

Izakhi ze-GC-MS

I-Gher Chromatograph: Ihlukanisa amakhompiyutha aguquguqukayo kwingxube esekelwe endaweni yabo ebilayo nokuhambisana kwesigaba.

I-Mass Spectrometer: Ithola futhi ikhomba amakhompiyutha ahlukanisiwe ngokulinganisa isilinganiso se-Mass-to-Chirt (m \ z). I-spectrum ebingenzeka ihlinzeka ngemininingwane ngesisindo se-molecular kanye nokwakheka kwamahlaya.

Imithombo ye-Novel Ionization

Amasu athambile we-Ionization (E.G., APCI, Dart) anciphise ukuhlukaniswa futhi athuthukise amasiginali ama-molecular ion.
Izinhlelo eziphathwayo ze-GC-MS manje sezisetshenziselwa ukutholwa kwezinto eziyingozi nokuqapha imvelo.

Izicelo ze-GC-MS

I-GC-MS inezicelo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-forensic: Ukuhlonza izidakamizwa, ubuthi nezinye izinto kumasampula endalo.

Ukuqapha imvelo: Ukuhlaziya izisulu emoyeni, emanzini, nasenhlabathini.

Amakhemikhali: Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kanye nenqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa.

Ukuphepha kokudla: ukuthola izinto ezingcolile futhi uqinisekisa ubuqiniso bokudla.

Imboni kaPetroleum: Ukuhlaziywa kokwakheka kwamafutha aqhekekile futhi ahlanzeke, ukufana kwezinto zesigaba segesi.
I-Metabolomics: Ukuhlaziywa kwezici kanye nenqwaba yama-metabolites amancane, asebenzisa izibalo ze-multivarite ukuthola ama-biomaskers.

Yini i-GC-MS \ ms?

Isebenza kanjani

I-GC-MS \ ms ithuthukisa amandla wendabuko ye-GC-MS ngokufaka i-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngemuva kokuhlaziywa kwe-mass spectrometry kokuqala (i-MS), ama-ion akhethiwe ahlukaniswe kakhulu esigabeni sesibili sokuhlaziywa kwe-mass spectrometry (MS \ ms). Le nqubo yezinyathelo ezimbili inganikeza imininingwane enemininingwane enemininingwane mayelana nokuhlaziywa.

Izakhi ze-GC-MS \ ms

I-Quadrupole yokuqala (Q1): Imisebenzi efana ne-spectrometer ejwayelekile ye-Mass, ukukhetha ama-ions kususelwa ku-M \ z isilinganiso.

Iseli lokushayisana: Ama-Ion akhethiwe ahlukaniswe ukuhlukaniswa okubangelwa ngokwelashwa (i-CID), akhiqize ama-ion akhiqizayo.

I-Quadrupole yesibili (Q2): I-Ionscent Ions iyahlaziywa ukuhlinzeka ngokucaciswa okwengeziwe nokuzwela.

Isicupho se-Ion \ 7 Isigaba sesithathu: Ezinye izinhlelo ze-GC-MS \ MS zifaka isicupho se-Ion noma isisekelo sesithathu sokucaciswa okujulile kwesakhiwo.

Izicelo ze-GC-MS \ ms

Ukuzwela okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokucaciswa kwe-GC-MS \ ms kwenza kufaneleke:

I-Target Quantification: Ukulinganisa ukugxila okuphansi kakhulu kokuhlaziywa okuthile, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuhlolweni kwemitholampilo.

Ukuhlaziywa kwengxube okuyinkimbinkimbi

Ukuhlolwa Kwezemvelo: Ukuthola Ukulandelela Ukungcola Okudinga Ukuzwela Okuphezulu.

Ukuhlolwa okuthe xaxa okubhekelwa ngokubhekelwa phansi kwesilonda: usebenzisa izindlela ezisheshayo ze-GC nokuqapha okuningi kokuphendula (MRM) ukuthola inqwaba yemithi yokubulala izinambuzane ngasikhathi sinye.
Ukudla kokudla kanye nokulandela umkhondo: ukuthola iziphingi kanye namamaki avela endabeni nge-Ionsress Complement Ions.

Umehluko osemqoka phakathi kwe-GC-MS ne-GC-MS \ ms

1. Ukuzwela nokucaciswa

I-GC-MS: ihlinzeka ngokuhlonza okuyisisekelo ngokuya ngesikhathi sokugcina kanye ne-mass spectra, kepha kungenzeka kube nobunzima bokuxuba okunzima lapho amakhompiyutha amaningi ahlangana khona.

I-GC-MS \ MS: Ukuzwela okuphezulu ngenxa yekhono lokuhlaziya ama-ions aqedwa, okuvumela ukukhonjwa okuqondile ngisho nakumatikuletsheni okuyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu kwenza kube wusizo ngokukhethekile ukuthola ama-compance amaningi aphansi.

2. Umkhawulo wokutholwa

I-GC-MS: Imikhawulo yokutholwa ngokuvamile iphakeme ngokuqhathaniswa ne-GC-MS \ ms. Ingakhomba amakhompiyutha, kepha kungenzeka angayinciphise ngokunembile ekugxileni okuphansi kakhulu.

I-GC-MS \ MS: Ukukhethwa okuthuthukisiwe ngokuqapha okuningi kokuphendula (i-MRM) noma ukuqapha okukhethiwe (i-SRM), okukwazi ukuthola ukuhlaziya okusezingeni le-femtogram.

3. Ukuxaka kwedatha

I-GC-MS: Ikhiqiza i-spectrum eyodwa ye-Mass ye-Compound ngayinye etholakele, eyanele kwizicelo eziningi kodwa ingahle inganikeli imininingwane enemininingwane yesakhiwo.

I-GC-MS \ MS: Ikhiqiza i-spectra eminingi yokuhlaziya ngakunye ngokususelwa kumaphethini wokuhlukaniswa, ukuhlinzeka ngokuqonda okujulile ngesakhiwo samangqamuzana futhi kunike amandla ukuhlaziywa okuphelele okuphelele.

4. Ukusebenza kahle

I-GC-MS: Ngokuvamile ilula ukusebenza futhi ifaka phakathi izingxenye ezimbalwa; Ilungele ukuhlaziya okujwayelekile okudinga ukuphenduka okuphezulu.

I-GC-MS \ MS: I-COLOCK EQHAWULEKILE ngenxa yokwengezwa kwezakhi ezinjengamaseli wokushayisana nama-quadrupoles amaningi; Dinga ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kokusebenza kanye nokutolika kwedatha.

5. Umthelela wezindleko

I-GC-MS: Ngokuvamile ibiza kakhulu kuzo zombili izindleko zokutshala imali kanye nezindleko zokusebenza; Ilungele ama-laboratories anezabelomali ezilinganiselwe.

I-GC-MS \ MS: Inezindleko eziphakeme zokuqala ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kanye nezidingo zokulungiswa; Kodwa-ke, ihlinzeka ngamakhono okuhlaziya anamandla angacacisa ukutshalwa kwezimali ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile.

Umthandi

Q: Uyini umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-GC-MS ne-GC-MS \ ms?
A: I-GC-MS \ MS inikeza ukuzwela okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokucaciswa ngokungeza isigaba sesibili se-mass spectrometry, okuvumela ukukhonjwa okuqondile kwamakhompiyutha, ikakhulukazi ekuxubeni okuyinkimbinkimbi.

Q: Kufanele ngikhethe nini i-GC-MS ngaphezulu kwe-GC-MS \ ms?
A: I-GC-MS ilungele ukuhlaziya okujwayelekile kwamakhompiyutha aguqukayo lapho ukuzwela okuphezulu kungabucayi. I-GC-MS \ ms ithandwa ukuthola ukuhlaziya okuchichimayo okuphansi kumatikuletsheni okuyinkimbinkimbi.

Q: Ngabe i-GC-MS ne-GC-MS \ ms efanelekile amakhompiyutha angaguquki?
A: Amasu womabili womabili aklanyelwe amakhompiyutha aguqukayo nawombeka. Amakhompiyutha angaguquki angadinga ukufunwa noma ezinye izindlela ezinjenge-LC-MS.

Q: Izindleko ziqhathanisa kanjani phakathi kwe-GC-MS ne-GC-MS \ MS?
A: Amasistimu we-GC-MS ngokuvamile abiza kakhulu futhi abe nezindleko eziphansi zokusebenza. Amasistimu we-GC-MS \ MS afaka izindleko eziphakeme zokutshala imali nokugcina ngenxa yamakhono azo athuthukile.

Q: Yiziphi izinhlobo zezinhlanganisela ezingabonwa yi-GC-MS?
A: I-GC-MS ilungele amakhompiyutha ajwayelekile noma aguquguqukayo afana nama-PAHs, ama-pesticides, ama-vocs, kanye nemithi yezemithi. Ukususwa kunwebisa ubukhulu bawo kuya kwizinhlanganisela zePolar njenge-amino acid kanye noshukela.

Q: Amasampula kufanele alungiselelwe kanjani i-GC-MS?
A: Ukulungiswa kwesampula kuvame ukufaka i-filltration, i-spe noma i-LLE ukususa ukungqubuzana kwe-matrix. Ukutholwa (isb. Kumatikuletsheni eziyinkimbinkimbi (e.g., igazi, inhlabathi), ukuhlanzwa okuningana okufana ne-silica gel ikholomu i-chromatography iyanconywa.

Q: Yimuphi umkhawulo ojwayelekile wokutholwa kwe-GC-MS?
A: Umkhawulo wokutholwa we-GC-MS ngokuvamile ebangeni le-NG-PG, kuya ngokusebenza kwensimbi nokulungiswa kwesampula. Ngokuhlaziywa kwezinsalela zokubulala izinambuzane, kungafinyelela ku-1-10pg.

Q: Yikuphi isisindo se-molecular gc-ms esingahlaziya?
A: Ngoba isampula kufanele ihlukaniswe, i-GC-MS ngokuvamile ihlaziya ama-molecule afinyelela kuma-800DA. Ngamakholomu aphezulu okushisa kanye nokutholwa kokutholwa, lokhu kunganweba ku- ~ 1000da. Kuma-molekyuli amakhulu, kunconywa ama-LC-MS.

Q: Ngikhetha kanjani phakathi kwe-GC-MS ne-GC-MS \ ms?
A: Uma ukuhlukunyezwa okuhlosiwe kuphakeme kakhulu futhi matrix kulula, i-GC-MS yanele. Ngokuqamba amazinga okulandela umkhondo noma ama-matric ayinkimbinkimbi (isb.

Ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngomehluko phakathi kwe-LC-MS ne-GC-MS, sicela uhlole le ndatshana:Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-LC-MS ne-GC-MS?

Izinto ezibukwayo \ ukuqhathanisa ithebula lokubuka konke

Leli thebula lisiza ukuqonda ngokushesha umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamasu amabili.

Ngamafuphi, womabili ama-GC-MS kanye ne-GC-MS \ ms amasu anamandla wokuhlaziya adlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene zesayensi. Ngenkathi i-GC-MS ilungele ukuhlaziya okujwayelekile kwamakhompiyutha aguqukayo, i-GC-MS \ MS inikezela ukuzwela okuthuthukile, ukucaciswa, kanye nemininingwane yesakhiwo nge-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Ukukhetha phakathi kwalezi zindlela ezimbili kuncike kwizidingo ezithile zokuhlaziywa okwenziwa, kufaka phakathi izidingo zokuzwela, amasampula inkimbinkimbi yobuciko, ukucatshangelwa kwesabelomali, kanye namandla okusebenza kwelebhu. Ukuqonda lo mehluko kuvumela abacwaningi ukuthi bakhethe inqubo evumelana kangcono nezidingo zabo zokuhlaziya, baqinisekise ukuthi okutholakele kwazo kunembile.