Oke dị elu \ / obere okpomọkụ na ngosipụta ọkụ na nkwụsị ọkụ na nkwụsi ike: usoro ọmụmụ

Nyochaa usoro nyocha nke nyocha (E.G., ọgwụ ọgwụ, nnu na-agbanwe, nsị, na-eduzi, nchekwa, nchekwa na nchịkwa Ndụ. Nchekwa dị ala ma dị ala nwere ike ịmebilata kemịkalụ, mgbanwe nke nhazi, ma ọ bụ nkewa; Mbelata ọkụ ọkụ nwere ike ịkpalite njikọ ma ọ bụ mmeghachi omume nke free, na-akpata photosegration. Usoro nyocha phytoCchemical nke 40 Celsius C, -20 Celsius C, na ìhè na ụdị atụ dị iche iche dị oke mkpa iji hụ na ịdabere na ịdị mma na ntụkwasị obi. Akwụkwọ a na-elekwasị anya na usoro usoro ihe omume na usoro ọnọdụ atọ ndị a dị oke njọ na obere ụmụ irighiri ihe, igwe - na-edozigharị, na-atụkwa atụmatụ nyocha na atụmatụ nyocha.

1. Kedụ ka oke okpomọkụ (40 ° C) metụtara obere molecules & Ígwè eché?

Oké okpomoku dị elu na-ewepụta usoro mmeghachi omume, na-eme ka ihe dị iche iche na-emebi emebi na-ebute ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ. Na ọgwụ na-akwụ ụgwọ ọgwụ, 40 Celsius C \ / 75% Rh dị ka ọnọdụ dị ngwa iji buo amụma omume ogologo oge. Okpomoku di elu nwere ike ime ka ixidation, hydrolysis, akpyderation, ma ọ bụ ihe na obere ụmụ irighiri ihe, ma nwee ike ịgbanwe nhazi nhazi na ngere.

1.1 mmetụta dị iche iche na obere molecules

• Mmebi nke oxaditive:Lipids ma ọ bụ penilics ngwa ngwa na 40 Celsius C, na-akpụpụta ngwaahịa.
  
  

• Hydrolysis:Ester ma ọ bụ agbụ abide na-ejikọta mfe mgbe iwe dị ọkụ, na-amị acid, ntọala.
  
  

• Ismomization:CIS-transon ma ọ bụ ịgbapụ agbagha nwere ike belata ọrụ.
  
  

Ihe atụ: rapamycin (na ya est proshọgg cci-779) echekwara na 40 ~ 4.3% oxiditive ~ 85% oxidation - nke dị elu karịa ihe nlere na 25 Celsius C. N'ihi ya, ọdịnaya dị na arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru nrụgide okpomọkụ.

1.2 mmetụta na ngwọta-ion

• Nkwụsi ike:Igwe eji emegharị igwe na-agbanwe agbanwe na okpomọkụ; Sologiesdị ndị na-adịghị ike nwere ike ịsapụ, na-ewepụta eons.
  
  

• Solubality & Futution:Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ nnu ígwè na-agbaze karịa na t, ụfọdụ (e.G., hydroxides, ụfọdụ sulfates) nwere ike ịgagharị usoro ma ọ bụ na-agbanwe. Carbonate carbonate, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na-etolite hydrates dị iche iche n'oge okpomọkụ dị iche iche, na-emetụta ịgha mkpụrụ nke morphology.
  
  

• Oxandad State na-agbanwe:Feb nwere ikexidize na Fex na Fed na T, nke na-eme ka ọ dị elu na-egbochi hydroxides na ịgbanwe usoro nguzozi ion itule.
  
  

Na 40 Celsius C, nyochaa mgbagwoju anya dị mgbagwoju anya na ihe ọghọm nke ihe egwu iji zere ion idafu ma ọ bụ mgbanwe na-agbanwe agbanwe.

1.3 na-eji usoro nkwụsi ike dị elu

Usoro nyocha na-arụ ọrụ na-agụnye:

• DSC (Scanning Calorimetry):Na-eji nkwụsi ike na-egbochi ya, usoro ntụgharị, na imirikiti obi ụtọ.
  
  

• UV-visrophotometry:Tracks na-etinye aka ma ọ bụ agba agba na-agbanye iji belata ịta ma ọ bụ usoro na-emerụ aka.
  
  

• ICP-ms \ /:Kpamkpam na-etinye uche na igwe, ịchọpụta mfu ma ọ bụ buo ụzọ ọgwụgwọ na-eme ka ọ dị elu.
  
  

• HPLC \ / GC-MS:Ebipụta ma na-achọpụta ngwaahịa nrụpụta, gbapụta mgbake nke onyinye nne na nna.
  
  

Ihe omuma atu: Ebe nlele na mmiri mmiri mmiri 40 Celsius maka ịka nká; N'otu oge, nyocha DSC maka ihe omume ikuku, tụọ obi ụtọ UV-vis-vis, ma jiri ICP-MS soro ọkwa nke metal-ion. Zọ ndị a na-enye echiche zuru oke nke mgbanwe ọkụ na-akpata.

2. Kedu ka nchekwa nke free si (20 ° C) metụta nkwụsi ike?

Na -20 Celsius C, kefriza na-eme mkpọtụ, nwere ike ibute nkewa nkewa ma ọ bụ ịgbasi ike. Ice kristal ice na-ewepụ akpịrị n'ime akpa a na-ekwesịghị ekwesị, na-a cliking ingent ingè na pH, nke nwere ike ịkpalite mmeghachi omume ma ọ bụ kwagates. Usoro ọgwụgwọ na-emegharị ugboro ugboro nwere ike imebi ihe owuwu na iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe.

2.1 Ighapu ihe na-eme ka obere moleculu

N'oge franche-ihe, na-elekwasị anya na kristal ice, na-enwekarị ịmịcha ma ọ bụ na-achịkwa ya. Macroscopically nke a na-egosi dị ka rọnaị ma ọ bụ na-enweghị isi; microscopically, nrụzigharị ma ọ bụ mmebi emee. Nnyocha dị na DMSO-Dabere na ọbá akwụkwọ DMSO na-egosi ọtụtụ cycles cycles belata dị irè (n'ihi mmebi ma ọ bụ nke na-enweghị atụ. Sistem na-enwe ike iji nkewa fyade chọrọ ihe siri ike na nlekota siri ike na nlekota siri ike.

2.2 usoro na ngwọta-ion ngwọta

Ahịrị ice na-eme ka ọ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nke mmiri mmiri, na-azụlite oge nta nwa oge. Maka zero-Valent ígwè (ZVI), ifriizi-ihe omume na-agbaze profuvation oyi akwa; Mpempe ọla atọ atọpụrụ (e.G., ni²⁺) Desrorb, na Recortive Fed Reporb Ha. Swingdị pH na ion nwere ike gbanwee kemịkal dị elu na nkọwapụta, na-emetụta nkwụsi ike.

2.3 na-atụta mmetụta na-eme ihe

• DLS (Ìhè dị omimi):Traves na-esonye mgbanwe nha - na post-0 iji chọpụta nchịkọta.
  
  

• ICP-ms \ /:Na-atụle iche iche metal-ion na-atụ uche tupu mgbe ahụ, mgbe ị ga-enyocha ya ma ọ bụ ọdịda.
  
  

• Ibe igwe na-agagharịSoro nduzi Ich (E.G., usoro ato: -10 to -20, mgbe ahu 40 Celsius C maka 2days) na nlele ọ bụla iji tufuo nguzosi ike.
  
  

Site na usoro ndị a, labs nwere ike ịtụle mmetụta-that-that na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nchekwa \ / Tonpocols.

3. Etu ị ga-esi tụọ ọnụego Photodegradation nke mpempe akwụkwọ edemede?

Ogige na conjugated π-systems, mgbaaka dị egwu, ma ọ bụ chomons metal, photons a na-ahụ anya na photooxides, ma ọ bụ mmeghachi omume ísì ụtọ. Ingghọta usoro ndị a dị mkpa maka ịhazi ule na-akwụghị ụgwọ na ịkọ foto.

3.1 Kedu ngwakọta na-enwe mmetụta na-enwe mmetụta na nke a?

• A na-eji ọkụ na-emegharị ma ọ bụ nke na-etinye ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụ nsị ma ọ bụ ihe agbụ, na-akpụzi radicals.
  
  

• Mmanụ na-agbanwe agbanwe na ahịhịa na-amị amịpụta nwere ike ịmịpụta ma ọ bụ decom n'okpuru uv \ / okpomọkụ.
  
  

• Molecules nwere agbụ na-adịghị ike (dịka ọmụmaatụ, nitroso, nitroso, peroxide) na-adịkarị mfe photodegradation.
  Ihe owuwu ọ bụla na chromoprores ma ọ bụ nke agbụ foto nwere ike itinye aka na foto-ionization, gbakwunye, ma ọ bụ mkpụrụ gbanwere ma ọ bụ emebilata.
  
  
  

3.2 STROPTOSTOSICTOSTOSTOSICTICTOSILICOSILICOSILICET

Kwa ich Q1B:

• Ozo di nma - ekpughere nlele ka ọkụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye rụrụ arụ.
  
  

• Nkwenye ọkwa: Mee ka dose dị ọcha akọwapụtara iji chọpụta nkwụsi ike.
  Isi ihe:
  
  

• Light Isi mmalite: ìhè anyanwụ (D65 \ / ID65 fluorerescent oriọna, Xenon-arc, oriọna na-egburi nzacha <320n, ma ọ bụ UVB \ / UVA na njikọta ọkụ.
  
  

• Mpempe akwụkwọ nlele: Ebe internet, transprent arịa, tọgbọrọ n'efu maka ikpughe edo edo, yana njikwa ọchịchịrị. Ọ bụrụ na nrụrụ ngwa ngwa na - apụta, na - ekpughe oge \ / ike.
  
  

• Dose Monitoning: calibrate irdiance (e.G.
  
  

Njikwa siri ike na ọchịchịrị \ / ijikọ ọkụ mkpụrụ nwere ike ịtụkwasị obi data pụrụ iche na nkwenye arụ ọrụ.

3.3 PhotoDadation Kinetic

PhotoDegradation na-esochikarị Kinetics iwu:

C (t) = C0E-KTC (t) = C_0 e ^ {kt}

ebe k na-adị ọnụego. Mmeghachi omume elu-agbadoro nwere ike dabaa na ụdị Langmuir-Hinshelwood. Site na ntinye uche site na UV-vis ma ọ bụ hpc-ms n'oge, k nwere ike dabara. Photomical studyum mkpụrụ (φ) -Molecules na-emeghachi omume kwa na Photon na-agbakọ - ọnụego mgbapụta na-egosi na Photon Flux. Oria ndị a na-ejikwa nkwụsi ike.

4. Usoro akwadoro akwadoro

Jikọta ọtụtụ usoro nyocha maka profaịlụ zuru oke:

• High-t \ / freed-Thaw:
  - DSC maka ihe omume ikuku \ / usoro mgbanwe
  - UV-VIVE iji nyochaa ọrụ ma ọ bụ itinye uche
  - ICP-MS \ / AAS maka luta
  - DLS maka urughuru \ / nchịkọta nchịkọta
  
  

• Photost:
  - Nchọpụta Kinetic
  - HPLC-MS maka njirimara njirimara na nza
  - quangrum mkpụrụ na ọnụego ọnụego ya niile na-adabere na dose
  
  

Gbaa mbọ hụ na njikwa gbara ọchịchịrị (nchekwa nchekwa dị iche iche, isi mmalite ọkụ dị iche iche), na-emegharị ya, na ngwọta ọnụ ọgụgụ ọnụ ọgụgụ iji gosipụta nsonaazụ.

5. Ngosipụta dị irè nke data nkwụsi ike

Ikwuputa ihe doro anya, kwadebe:

• Inta anya vs. Oge a: tụnyere ijeri ma ọ bụ ion dị n'okpuru 40 Celsius C. -20 Celsius C.
  
  

• PhotoDegradation Kinetics: Gosi ntinye ma ọ bụ itinye uche na VS. Oge ikpughe oge \ / Dose, gụnyere Bagerrithmic dabara.
  
  

• DSC Therogram
  
  

• Nhazi usoro: Ihe atụ ihe atụ na-eme ka ọ na-enwe okirikiri ma ọ bụ nchekwa \ / Transport na-arụ ọrụ.
  
  

Ntụle na mkparịta ụka na-akwado nke ọma.

Mmechi

Ọnọdụ nrụgide dị iche iche na ụzọ dị iche iche: oke ọkụ na-eme ka agbụ kemịkalụ na nchekasị (nke ọma na ụmụ irighiri ihe ma ọ bụ metal. A ga-ahazi nchekwa: ihe ndị na-eme ihe ọkụ na-eme, ndị na-ahụkarị ọkụ na gburugburu na-achịkwa okpomọkụ, yana usoro na-enweghị atụ na ngbanwe oyi ma ọ bụ usoro mmiri. Ọrụ ọdịnihu kwesịrị inyochakọtara ndị nrụgide (E.G., Okpomọkụ + ọkụ) iji mezie ntuziaka kwụsiri ike.

Ihe ndị ọzọ

• Nkeji:Dose dose na J \ / m² ma ọ bụ awa; Ọnụego Constant K na ụbọchị; ngụgụ mkpụrụ. Ọdịnaya dị ka%.
  
  

• Nlele Nlele:Hazie usoro a (API, etiti etiti, ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi, nnu nnu) na sistemụ ga-enye ndụmọdụ nchekwa echekwara.
  
  

Ntuziaka: Dabere na ICH Q1A \ / Q1B, onye kwụsiri ike ịgbachitere 1, yana akwụkwọ ndị dị ugbu a.