Misa spectry: mfundo, zinthu zatsopano & kusintha ntchito mu sayansi yamakono

Ma Spectri Spectry amayimilira kutsogolo kwa sayansi ya sayansi, ndipo chidwi chake chachikulu komanso chowongolera chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chikhale chida chotsimikizika chodziwitsa ndi kuchuluka kwa mamolekyulu. Maukadaulo amagwira ntchito potembenuza zitsanzo kulowamo ndi kuyeza kwawo kwapadera (m \ / z), kulola ofufuza kuti azikhala ndi zida zomangira. MS imasewera gawo lopanda pake ku zomangamanga, metabolomics, mapangidwe a mankhwala, kuyang'anira zachilengedwe, komanso kuzindikira zamankhwala. Kutha kwake kupereka chidziwitso mwatsatanetsatane kumapitiliza kuyendetsa kwatsopano kusiyanasiyana kwa asayansi.

Mfundo za Sportmetry

Ma spectrometry (MS) ndi njira yamphamvu yowunikira yogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zodziwika, kuzindikira mankhwala osadziwika, ndi mitundu yopanga ma molecular. Mu ms, chitsanzocho chimayamwa, ndipo tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapatulidwa ndikuyeza kutengera kuchuluka kwa ma ratios. Chowonera chachikulu chimakhala ndi zinthu zitatu zazikuluzikulu:

• Ion Source: Amapanga ma ions ofuna kusintha mamolekyulu.

• Disrizer: Kugonjera ma iony pogwiritsa ntchito ma ratios akuluakulu.
  

  

• Chofufumitsa: chimazindikira masion olekanitsidwa ndipo amayesa kuchuluka kwawo.

Njira yowunikira imaphatikizapo njira zingapo:

1. Kupanga kwa ion: Sampuliyo imapangidwa kuti ipange ma ayoni a ma ayole (nthawi zambiri kudzera mu njira monga ma electron rooniza kapena exvicespopy).

2. Kupatukana: ma ion amasefedwa kapena kulekanitsidwa malinga ndi m \ / z mu Disa Perser.

3. Chidutswa (ngati pakufunika): zomwe zimasankhidwa kukhala ziganizo zitha kuphatikizidwa mu cell kuti muwulule zambiri.

4. Kuzindikira ndi kujambula: Chojambulacho chimayeza ma iyo ndi kujambula spectrum, chiwembu cha ion chizindikiro cha mermes. Izi zimapereka zopepuka molefula komanso zowunikira zowunikira.
   
   

   Mukufuna kudziwa kuti GC mutu ndi chiyani?Dinani apa kuti mudziwe zambiri

Zojambula mu misa zovuta

Njira Zamanja

Zovuta mu ioniza zimakulitsa mphamvu za MS. Mwachitsanzo, ma electrospurasy (esi) awona zowonjezera zazikulu; Nano-excerospossesprasy (nano-esi) amagwiritsa ntchito ma capillaries abwino kwambiri kuti apange madontho okwera kwambiri kuchokera ku mayunitsi ochepa, potero kukonza chidwi. Mu matrix-alurpption \ / inization (Maldi), matrix atsopano ndi zida zapamwamba zasinthasintha Njira Zoyimitsa Masuoning monga ma entrorprospy (desiki) ndi kusanthula mwachindunji mu nthawi yeniyeni (amalola kuti zitsanzo zizikonzedwa ndikukonzekera kwambiri. Maluso awa amathandizira mwachangu, kusanthula kwa malo opangira zamtsogolo, kuwunika zachilengedwe, komanso kuwongolera kwapadera.

Techtologies

Zosavuta pamasautso akuluakulu adalimbikitsa kwambiri mabungwe. Mwachitsanzo, Wortarap Perser amapereka lingaliro la Ultrah, ndikuthana ndi ma ion mu gawo la ma electrostatic frequencies olondola kwambiri ndi zolondola za M \ / zoyezera. Zida zamakono za masanawa zimatha kukwanitsa kuzindikira misa mile pamwamba 100,000 pa pakati pa miyeso m \ / zowona, zimapangitsa kuti akhale ndi maphunziro atsatanetsatane a proteric ndi mersion. Makina anayi osinthika a cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) MS imapereka mwayi wapamwamba komanso kulondola popewa ma ayoni mumitundu yolimba ndikusanthula mayendedwe awo. Kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa taf (mr-taf) kumafikitsa njira yodziulilira kudzera mu mawonekedwe angapo, ndikulimbikitsanso zomwe zasandulika osakulitsa chida. Katundu wophatikizana ndi materinolojekiti ndi zida za quadbale-tiaprupole ogwiritsira ntchito ma innurst kuti musankhe ma ion ndi orbitrap kapena kuchuluka kwa chipani chofuna kuthamanga kwambiri. Ma hybrids awa amapereka njira zonse ziwiri zakusankha komanso kulondola kulondola kwa kusanthula kosalekeza. Kuphatikiza apo, quadle quadruple (qqq) machitidwe opambana muyeso: pogwira MS ^ 2 mu mndandanda (wokhala ndi cell ya kugundana pakati pa zigawo ziwiri). QQQ imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mapulateni ochulukirapo komanso malingaliro azachipatala pakuyeza kodalirika biomeker.

Kupanga deta & Ai

Pafupi ndi zovuta za ma Hardware, mapulogalamu ndi njira zofufuzira za deta zimasinthiratu. Kuphunzira Makina (ml) ndi luntha lamphamvu (AI) likugwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauzira ma Dattasets a Ms, kukonza njira yodziwikiratu. Njira izi zimatha kutanthauza zopepuka zokha, zowoneka bwino kwambiri, komanso kuchuluka kwa ofufuza molondola, kuchepetsa cholakwika cha anthu. Mwachitsanzo, algorithm yapamwamba imatha kuzindikira zokha komanso kuchuluka kwa nsonga, kukonza phokoso lomaliza ndikupereka zotsatira zotsatizana. Zida zodziwikiratu zoterezi zimayambitsa kubereka, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pamaphunziro akulu ndi metabolic.

Ntchito za Mass Spectry

Misa Spectriry imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda yambiri, kuphatikiza:

• Ma proteics ndi metabolomics: Mu sayansi ya moyo, MS imathandizira chizindikiritso ndi kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni masauzande ndi ma metabolites omwe ali pazitsanzo zovuta, othandizira kupeza njira zopezeredwa ndi kagayidwe kachakudya. Ofufuzawo amatha kumvetsetsa bwino maselo am'madzi kuti amvetse njira zachilengedwe komanso njira zodwala.

• Kuzindikira matenda azachipatala ndi biomedicine:Mankhwala, ma ms amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira matenda a biomarkers, kuphunzira zam'matamankhwala amakampani, ndikuthandizira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala molondola. Mwachitsanzo, mapuloteni kapena ma mesenti a metabolite mu magazi kapena minyewa imatha kusanthuridwa kuti azindikire matenda oyamba kapena kuwunikirana.

• Kuwunika zachilengedwe ndi zamtsogolo:MS imazindikira zodetsa m'midzi, madzi, ndi dothi (monga zitsulo zolemera, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi mankhwala opha poizoni, kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, kusanthula kwamadzi kwa zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena mpweya kwa orsolatic amatha kukwaniritsidwa ndi chidwi chachikulu.

• Chitetezo cha Zakudya ndi Zinthu Zakuthupi:MS imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa kuipitsa ndi zowonjezera pazakudya ndi zakumwa (E.g., zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo chosavomerezeka), ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo chovomerezeka. Ndikofunikira kwambiri pasayansi ndi Nanotechnology chifukwa chozindikiritsa kapangidwe kake ndi kapangidwe ka zinthu zatsopano.

• Kufufuza kwa malo ndi kusanthula kwa khungu limodzi:Zida za MS Gawani zitsanzo zopitilira muyeso (E.g.
  

  

Chikondi m'tsogolo

Pamene ukadaulo umapita patsogolo, zotuluka zatsopano zimapitilirabe ku Scartgemetry. Mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza kwa microfluidic zitsanzo zokonzekera, kuwunikira kwa maasipoti a Inoeled aion, komanso kuwunikira kwa data ya AI-Dermat Ai kumalimbikitsanso kumvana ndi kutulutsa. Mwachidule, spectrametry ipitiliza kukankha malire a sayansi, kutsegula zotheka zatsopano m'magawo monga kuwunikira kwa chilengedwe, matenda azachipatala, ndi chemistry.