Kutentha kwambiri
Kafukufuku wokhazikika amawunikira momwe ma mamolekyulu ang'onoang'ono, mamolekyulu achilengedwe, ndi zitsulo zothetsera zitsulo zimakonda kukhala ndi zipsinjo ngati kutentha kokwezeka, kuzizira, ndikuwonekera kwa kuwala, ndi kuonekera. Mfundoyi imasanthula mwamakhalidwe monga ma okomation, hydrolysis, iV-dscted chimango ndi ma procraction oyendetsa bwino kwambiri zachilengedwe.