Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi kwe-GC-NS kunye ne-GC-Nks \ / Nks?

I-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) kunye ne-chromatography-tandem ye-spectrometry (GC-th spectrometry (GC-Nks \ / scres) ziindlela eziphezulu zezenzululwazi ezifana neyeza lezahlulelo, kunye nokhuseleko lokutya. Ngelixa zombini iindlela zisebenzisa i-chromatography ye-chromatography (GC) yokwahlula-hlula kunye nobunzima bokuchonga, zahlukile kwiindlela zabo zokusebenza, izakhono, kunye nokusetyenziswa. Eli nqaku lifungela lo mahluko ngokweenkcukacha.

Yintoni i-GC-Nk?

Ukulungiswa kwesampulu

Ukukhupha isigaba sokuqina

I-Deriavition (E.G., I-methyling, i-Trimtheylsutistily) inokuphucula ukuguquka kwepolar okanye i-labile yolwandle.

Ingaba isebenza kanjani

I-GC-MS idibanisa i-chromatography yegesi kunye ne-spectrometry ye-spectrometry yohlalutyo lwemixube entsonkothileyo. Ngeli xesha le nkqubo, isampulu ivalwe kwaye ithunyelwe ngekholamu yeChromatographic esebenzisa irhasi ye-inter Xa imimandla ihlulwe ngokusekelwe kubume bokuzinza kwabo kunye nokusebenzisana nenqanaba lesikhululo, baziswa kwi-spectrometer enkulu.

Izinto ze-GC-NS

I-chromatograph yegesi: Yahlulahlula-hlula imingxunya yegesi kumxube ngokusekwe kwindawo yabo yokubila kunye nobubele kwiSigaba sokuma.

I-Mass Spectrometer: I-fumanisa kwaye ichonge imilinganiselo eyahlulahlulwe ngokulinganisa umlinganiso omkhulu wokuhlawula (m \ / z). I-smass enkulu yesiphumo ibonelela ngolwazi malunga nobunzima bemolekyuli kunye nohlalutyo.

Imithombo yolwazi

Iindlela ezithambileyo zezoyishini (i.G., APCI, DART) Ukunciphisa ukwahlulwa kunye nokonyusa imiqondiso yemolekyuli.
Iinkqubo eziphathwayo ze-GC-ms eziphathwayo ngoku zisetyenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwento enobungozi kunye nokuhlonipha kwendalo.

Izicelo ze-GC-NS

I-GC-Nks ineentlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo, kubandakanya:

Uhlalutyo lwe-Forensic: Ukuchonga iziyobisi, iityhefu, kunye nezinye izinto kwiisampulu zebhayoloji.

Ukuhlolwa kwezendalo: Ukuhlalutya ungcoliseko emoyeni, amanzi kunye nomhlaba.

Amayeza: Ukulawulwa komgangatho kunye nenkqubo yophuhliso lweziyobisi.

UKhuseleko loKutya: Ukuchonga ungcoliseko kunye nokuqinisekisa ubunyani bokutya.

Umzi-mveliso wePetroleum: Uhlalutyo lwe-proposition yeoyile eqhekekileyo nezomeleleyo, ukuxabana kwamacandelo esinqanaba segesi.
I-metabomics: Uhlalutyo olufanelekileyo kunye nobungakanani be-molecule ye-molebolites, esebenzisa izibalo ezahlukeneyo zokufumanisa ii-biomars.

Yintoni i-GC-ms \ / Nks?

Ingaba isebenza kanjani

I-GC-Nks \ /Ms ixhasa amandla e-GC-ms ye-GC ngokubandakanya i-tandem ye-tindem ye-spectrometry. Oku kuthetha ukuba emva kohlalutyo lwe-Serctrometry (MS), ii-ions ezikhethiweyo ziyahlulwa kwinqanaba lesibini lohlalutyo lohlalutyo lwe-spectrometry (MS \ /Ms). Le nkqubo yamanyathelo amabini inokubonelela ngolwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nohlalutyo.

Izinto ze-GC-ms \ / ms

I-quadrupole (Q1): Imisebenzi efana ne-spectrometer emiselweyo, ukukhetha ii-ions ngokusekwe kwi-M \ / ye-Z.

Iseli yokungqubana: Ii-Ions ezikhethiweyo zenziwe zahlulwa zintsusa-zithambeka zengqungquthela (i-CID), zivelisa imveliso yemveliso.

I-qudrupole yesibini (Q2): I-ions eqhekezayo iyahlalutywa ukubonelela ngobuchule kunye nemvakalelo.

I-ion ye-ion \ / yenqanaba lesithathu le-tof: Ezinye iinkqubo ze-GC-Nks \ /ss zibandakanya umgibe we-ion okanye i-tof yenqanaba lesithathu le-shyfficisotion enzulu.

Izicelo ze-GC-ms \ / ms

Imvakalelo eyandisiweyo kunye nokuthintelwa kwe-GC-Nks \ / IMS iyenza ilungele:

Ukugxila kwethagethi: Ukulinganisa ukugxininisa kakhulu kohlalutyo oluthile, olubaluleke kakhulu ekufumaneni kweklinikhi.

Uhlalutyo lomxube ontsonkothileyo: Ukuchonga imigaqo-nkqubo kwiimatriki ezintsonkothileyo apho kunokwenzeka khona.

Ukuvavanywa kokusingqongileyo: Ukufumanisa ukulandelela ungcoliseko olufuna ubuntununtunu.

I-Special ye-Desticide yeThengisi: Sebenzisa iindlela eziKhethekileyo ze-GC kunye nokuHlola ezininzi
Ukutya kwempahla kunye nokulandelela: Ukuchonga i-actosterants kunye neempawu zemvelaphi yendawo nge-ions yempawu.

Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwe-GC-NS kunye ne-GC-Nk \ / ms

I-1. Ubuntununtunu kunye nobungqina obuthile

I-GC-Nks: ibonelela ngophawu olusisiseko olusekwe kwixesha lokugcina kunye nobunzima, kodwa kunokuba nobunzima kwimixokelelwane yemixhwele apho i-co-elute.

I-GC-Nks \ / Nks: Imvakalelo ye-Internaticanue ngenxa yesakhono sokuhlalutya i-ions, ivumela isazisi esichanekileyo ngakumbi kwimatriki enzima. Oku kwenza ukuba kube luncedo ngokukhethekileyo ekufumaneni iikhawuntari ezikhulu eziphezulu.

I-2. Umda wokufumanisa

I-GC-Nks: Imida yokufunyanwa iphezulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa ne-GC-Nks \ / Nks. Ingachonga imida, kodwa ayinakubachaneka ngokuchanileyo ngendlela ephantsi kakhulu.

I-GC-Nks \ / Nkssinekshini okhethiweyo ngokuhlolwa kweliso elininzi (i-MRM) okanye ukubonwa okukhethiweyo

3. Ubunzima bedatha

I-GC-Nks: ivelise i-supctum enye yecandelo ngalinye elichongiweyo, elanele kwizicelo ezininzi kodwa lingaboneleli ngolwazi oluneenkcukacha zesakhiwo.

I-GC-Nks \ / Nks: ivelisa uninzi lwe-specra kuhlalutyo ngalunye olusekwe kwiindlela zokuqhekeka, zibonelela ngengqondo enzulu yesakhiwo semolekyuli kunye nokwenza ukuba uhlalutshelo olubanzi lohlalutyo.

4. Ubunzima bokusebenza

I-GC-Nks: ilula ukusebenza kwaye ibandakanya izinto ezimbalwa; Ilungele uhlalutyo lwesiqhelo olufuna ukuqalisa okuphezulu.

I-GC-Nks \ / Nks: Intsokothi ngakumbi ngenxa yokongezwa kwamacandelo anje ngeeseli zokudibana kunye ne-quadrupoles ezininzi; ifuna uqeqesho olukhethekileyo lokusebenza kunye notoliko lwedatha.

I-5. Impembelelo yeendleko

I-GC-Nks: ngokubanzi ibiza kakhulu kutyalo mali lokuqala kunye neendleko zokusebenza; Ilungele iilebhu zohlahlo-lwabiwo mali oluncinci.

I-GC-Nks \ / IMS: ineendleko eziphezulu zokuqala ngenxa yetekhnoloji yoTekhnoloji kunye nokwanda kweemfuno zolondolozo; Nangona kunjalo, inika amandla ohlalutyo ngakumbi onokuthi athethelelene notyalo-mali kwizicelo ezikhethekileyo.

FAQ

Q: Nguwuphi umahluko ophambili phakathi kwe-GC-NS kunye ne-GC-Nks \ / Nks?
A: I-GC-Nks \ / IMS ibonelela ngovelwano oluphuculweyo kunye nobungqina bongeze inqanaba lesibini le-Subcrometry, evumelekileyo ukuba ichongwe ngokuchanekileyo, ngakumbi kumxube ontsonkothileyo.

Q: Ndiza kukhetha nini i-GC-NMS ngaphezulu kwe-GC-Nks \ / Nks?
A: I-GC-MS ilungele uhlalutyo lweziqhelo lweengqumbo eziguquguqukayo apho ubuntu obuphezulu abugxeki. I-GC-Nks \ / IMS kukhethwa ukuba ifumane uhlalutyi eluphalo oluninzi kwiimatriki ezinzima.

Q: Ngaba i-GC-Nks kunye ne-GC-Nk \ / Nks ilungele imilinganiselo engaqhelekanga?
A: Zombini iindlela zobuchule zenzelwe ikakhulu zenzakalisiwe kwaye zizinza kakuhle. Iziqu ezingezizo ezingezizo zinokufuna ukugxothwa okanye iindlela ezifana ne-LC-ms.

Q: Iindleko zithelekiswa njani phakathi kwe-GC-NS kunye ne-GC-Nks \ / Nks?
I-A: Iinkqubo ze-GC-ms zihlala zibiza kakhulu kwaye zineendleko eziphantsi zokusebenza. I-GC-Nks \ /s Iinkqubo ze-MS zibandakanya iindleko zokuqala zotyalo-mali kunye nezolondolozo ngenxa yezakhono zabo eziphezulu.

Q: Zeziphi iintlobo zeendawo ezinokuthi ze-GC-MS zifumanisa?
A: I-GC-MS ilungele imida ye-ortiile okanye ye-semi-willing efana ne-pahs, i-pesticides, iiVOCs, kunye namayeza. Ukukhupha ukwandisa ubungakanani bayo kwii-polars zepoliads ezinjenge-amino acid kunye neswekile.

Q: Zifanele zilungiselelwe njani iisampulu ze-GC-Nk?
A: Ukulungiselela isampulu ngokwesiqhelo kubandakanya ukufihlakala, wi okanye lufa ukuze ususe intembeko yeMatrix. I-Deriavition (E.G., I-Methyreth, i-silyting) iyafuneka kwi-polar okanye i-lalar ye-labile. NgeeMatriki ezinzima (E.G., igazi, umhlaba), ukucocwa kwamathuba amaninzi anje ngekholamu ye-Silica Gel kuyacetyiswa.

Q: Yeyiphi i-fiction yokufunyanwa kwe-GC-Nks?
A: Umda wokufunyanwa kwe-GC-MN ngokubanzi kuluhlu lwe-NG-PG, kuxhomekeka kwintsebenzo yesixhobo kunye nokulungiselela isampulu. Ngohlalutyo lwezibulala-ntsholongwane ka-pesticide, inokufikelela nge-1-10pg.

Q: Leliphi elona xesha liphezulu lemolekyuli i-GC-Nks inokuhlalutya?
A: Kuba isampulu kufuneka ifakwe i-Vaporbed, i-GC-NS iqhele ukuhlalutya iimolekyuli eziya kuthi ga kwi-800DA. Ngamaqondo aphezulu eekhola kunye ne-dervivatition, oku kungandingeza kwi ~ 1000da. Kwiimolekyuri ezinkulu, i-LC-ms iyacetyiswa.

Q: Ndikhetha njani phakathi kwe-GC-NS kunye ne-GC-Nks \ / Nks?
A: Ukuba uxinzelelo lohlalutyo lubaluleke kakhulu kwaye iMatrix ilula, i-GC-Nk yanele. Ukulungiselela ukuthathwa kwenqanaba okanye imatriki entsokothileyo (E.G., iisampulu zebhayoloji okanye kwindalo), i-GC-Nks \ / IMS iyacetyiswa kumlinganiso ongcono wengxolo kunye nokuchaneka kwengxolo.

Ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nomahluko phakathi kwe-LC-Nks kunye ne-GC-Nks, nceda ujonge eli nqaku:Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi kwe-LC-Nks kunye ne-GC-Nks?

Izinto ezibonakalayo \ / uphawu lokuthelekisa

Le theyibhile inceda ukuqonda ngokukhawuleza umahluko ophambili phakathi kweendlela ezimbini.

Kwisishwankathelo, bobabini i-GC-Nks kunye ne-GC-Nks \ / Nks ziindlela ezinamandla zokuhlalutya ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yesayensi. Ngelixa i-GC-Nks ilungele uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lweendlela eziguquguqukayo, i-GC-Nks \ / Nks ibonelela ngovelwano oluphuculweyo, okuthile, kunye nolwakhiwo malunga ne-spectrometry enkulu. Ukukhetha phakathi kwezi ndlela zimbini kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zohlalutyo ezenziweyo, kubandakanya iimfuno zobuntununtunu, ukuqokelela kwengqondo ye-matrix, ukuqwalaselwa kohlahlo-lwabiwo mali, kunye nezakhono zokusebenza kwelebhu. Ukuqonda lo mahluko kuvumela abaphandi ukuba bakhethe ubuchule obuyifanekisela iimfuno zabo zokuhlaziya, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zabo zichanekile.