Chromatography is an analytical technique widely utilized by numerous industries, such as pharmaceuticals, environmental analysis and food and beverage production. I-Chromatography ivumela izazinzulu kunye nabaphandi ukuba bakwazi ukwahlula, chonga kwaye basebenzise izinto ezahlukeneyo kwimixube yokufumana ulwazi oluxabisekileyo kwiisampulu ezintsonkothileyo. Inqaku elinye elibalulekileyo leChromatography libandakanya amalungiselelo esampulu-Umsebenzi odlalwa nge-valeI-vials paicces.

Ukuqonda i-chromatography kunye nohlalutyo lwesampula:

Chromatography works on the principle of differential migration of compounds through mobile phases (such as liquid or gas) at differing rates through stationary phases (which could include solid or liquid substances). Oku kuvumela iisampulu ukuba zahlukaniswe njengamacandelo abo okudlula kumanqanaba ohlukeneyo ngezikhundla ezifana ne-chromatography yegesi (i-LC), i-chromatography (LC), isebenzisa inzala yenzala.

Ukubaluleka kolungiselelo lwesampulu:

Ngaphambi kokuba kuhlalutye kuhlalutye kusetyenziswa i-chromatography, iisampuli kufuneka zilungiselele iimeko ezifanelekileyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe iziphumo ezichanekileyo nezinokuthenjwa. I-PrEP ibandakanya amanyathelo anjengokukhupha, ukuvisalwa, udumo kunye nokukhutshwa njengoko kufuneka kuxhomekeka kubume be-matrix yabo kunye nohlalutyi.

Iindlela zesampulu zemveli zemveli azinakuba zanele xa ziqulathe iziqu eziguqukayo eziguqukayo; Kulapho uhlalutyo lweentloko luza khona.

Uhlalutyo lwe-Entloko kunye ne-vials entloko:

Uhlalutyo lwe-Entloko yentloko yenye indlela yokuvavanya imiqathango ye-wimivolatile kunye ne-semivolatile ekhoyo kwisampulu ngaphandle kokuphanga ngqo kwi-chromatograph, usebenzisa iSigaba se-vapor esingaphezulu kwesigaba esivaliweyo. Iluncedo ngakumbi xa ujongene nemichiza enokubola, iphendule, okanye ibe nzima ukwahlula usebenzisa iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokwenza inaliti.

I-vials paiccesNgaba izikhongozeli ezenzelwe ngokukodwa ukubamba iisampulu zolwelo kunye nenqanaba le-vapor ngaphezulu kwayo. Ixhotywe nge-septum kunye ne-cap yokutywina ngokuqinileyo ngokuchasene nemilinganiselo yokubaleka eguqukayo, i-Vials eshushu ibangela ukuba ezi phawu lube luphuma kwi-REAME Inaliti yesirinji inokwenza inyikime le-Septum ukuba ikhuphe imixholo yayo ngqo kwi-chromatograph yohlalutyo.

Zi-5 izibonelelo ze-vills eziphambili kwi-chromatography:

Ukugcina ingqibelelo yesampulu:Itekhnoloji ye-PRATE ithintela inaliti ngqo yesampulu entsokothileyo okanye enokubakho yokuphendula, ukugcina ingqibelelo yesampulu ngelixa uphephe ungcoliseko lwekholamu.

Imvakalelo:Ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwabo oluphezulu kwiPasi, kunesigaba solwelo, imithanga eguquguqukayo idla ngokufumana iimvakalelo zokufunyanwa xa zikhona kwiindawo zentloko.

Ukuchaneka kobungakanani:Uhlalutyo lwentloko

Impembelelo zeMatrix zeMatrix:Iziqu eziguqukayo zinokususwa kwimatrix yazo entsonkothileyo yokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kunye neziphumo zeMatrix kwi-Chromatographic uhlalutyo.

Isicelo esibanzi:I-Vials ye-Propace inoluncedo olubanzi kwimizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo, ukusuka kuhlalutyo lweesampulu zokusingqongileyo ukuze zifumane izinyibilikisi ezikhoyo kwiindawo zokutya kunye neziselo, phakathi kwezinye izinto.

I-vials paiccesNgaba zizinto ezibonakalayo kwi-chromatography, ngakumbi ekuhlalutyeni imichiza eguqukayo kunye ne-semivolatile kwiisampulu ezintsonkothileyo. Ngokuqesha i-vils eqeshayo kuphando lwabo, abaphandi banokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka, ubuntununtunu, kunye nokuthembeka kuhlalutyo lwabo; Ukubonelela ngokuqonda ngakumbi kwisampuli kumashishini.

4 Imiceli mngeni kunye nokuqwalaselwa kuhlalutyo lweentloko:

Nangona uhlalutyo lweentloko zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi, abaphandi kufuneka bajongane nemiceli mngeni ethile kunye nokuqwalaselwa xa kuqhutywa le ndlela yohlalutyo:

I-Equilibrium:Ukusekwa ukulingana phakathi kwesigaba se-vapor kunye nesampulu ithuba linokuthatha ixesha kunye nokulimaza ngokuchanekileyo iziphumo, oko ke kunyanzelisa abaphandi ukuba baqiniseke ngexesha elifanelekileyo lokufunda.

Isampulu yeMatrix:Iziphumo zeMatrix kufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa usenza ubungakanani obuchanekileyo. Iziphumo zeMatrix zinokuba nefuthe leempembelelo kwindlela ezixineneyo eziguqukayo kwaye zithathiwe phakathi kwezigaba zolwelo kunye ne-vapor. Kuya kufuneka ke kuvavanywe ngononophelo ukuze banciphise kwaye baqinisekise ukuba ubungakanani bokuchaneka.

Ukukhetha i-Vial:Xa ukhetha i-villace efanelekileyo ye-vials yohlalutyo, ukuqwalaselwa ezininzi ezinje ngevolumu, isixhobo kunye nomgangatho we-septum we-septum kufuneka uqwalaselwe. Umzekelo, iisampulu ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-vapor zinokufuna imithanga ye-Vial enkulu ukuthintela ukuqhubela phambili kweesampulu zazo.

Ithamo yesampulu:Umthamo wesampulu ubekwe kwimpembelelo ye-vial yoxinaniso kwi-REATE TODS KWI-EPREAME, yenza ivoramu yokulungisa umxholo ohlalutyo kunye neqhosha lokuhlaziya lokufikelela kwiimvakalelo zemvakalelo.

I-6 incovations kunye neendlela zobuchule kuhlalutyo lweentloko:

Uhlalutyo lwentloko-ntloko ayisiyo uqeqesho olungaguqukiyo; Endaweni yoko, indaleko yayo iphawulwa ngokuphuhlisa ubuchule obuqhubekayo kunye nokufika kweengcali ze-NOWs ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemiceli mngeni yohlalutyo.

Iphepha elinamandla:Iindlela zokucebisa eziguqukayo zivelisa ukuhlambulula i-Intert ngerhasi ukuze isuse ngokuqhubekayo, ngaloo ndlela isantya sexesha lokuhlaliswa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokwanda kwengeniso.

Isigaba sokuqina kwesigaba sokuqina (i-SPME):I-SPME yindlela ekhuphayo yeendawo eziguqukayo eziguqukayo kunye ne-semi-wimi-bit. Oku kuphelisa isidingo sesampulu yesampulu yolwelo ngelixa ikhulisa ubuntununtunu.

Ukuvuselela i-Stir bartiveI-SBSE ibandakanya ukuthoba i-bar stirting ye-stirting kwisampulu yakho yokufumana imizobo ye-colatile, ibuyise kwi-vial yakho yentloko yohlalutyo lweziphumo ze-matrix.

I-PROPECUCE I-Transions ye-chromatography (HS-GCXC):Le ndlela inobuchule idibanisa i-chromatography yegesi emibini enohlalutyo lweentloko, ukuvumela ukwahlula-hlula kweesampulu ezintsonkothileyo kunye nemimandla emininzi. Le ndlela ixabiseke kakhulu xa ujongene neesampulu ezinamacandelo aphezulu.

I-RPAUCE SUTT-Inqanaba lokukhutshwa kwesigaba senqanaba elinamandla (HS-SPDE):I-HS-SPDE yindlela edibanisa i-MICATICE YOKUGQIBELA YOKUGQIBELA YOKUGQIBELA YOKUGQIBELA, IXESHA LOKUGQIBELA LOKUGQIBELA NOKUZONWABISA NGOKUGQIBELA NOKUZONWABISA NGOKUGQIBELA NGOKUGQIBELA.

Iindlela zobuchule ze-PRECE Trap:Ezi ndlela zikhusela imithanga ze-piatiile kwizinto ezizixhobo zesorble kwaye emva koko zigxininisa ngaphambi kohlalutyo. I-CryGegen Track iphucula zombini imvakalelo kunye nemida yokufumanisa.

Vula ulwazi kunye nokuphucula ulwazi lwakho lwe-chromatography ngoku.Fumana iimpendulo ezibanzi kwi-50 ye-vials ephezulu ye-HPLC kweli nqaku inyanisiweyo: I-50 kakhulu imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo kwi-vials ye-HPPL

Ukuthobela kunye nolawulo oluphambili:

Uhlalutyo lweentloko Ngeearhente zolawulo ezimisela imigangatho ephezulu yokhuseleko lwemveliso kunye nomgangatho, uhlalutyo lweentloko-ntloko ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekufezekiseni loo migangatho:

Ishishini lamachiza:Uhlalutyo lwentsalela yentsalela sisitshixo sokunamathela kwizikhokelo zamachiza. Uhlalutyo lwentloko

Ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nomgangatho:Ungcoliseko kunye neziqulatho eziguquguqukayo ezifana ne-voss zinokuthoba ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nomgangatho, kodwa uhlalutyo lweentloko lunceda ekufumaneni ezo mpapasi ukuze zigcine iimveliso zabathengi ngaphandle kwezandla zabathengi.

UMGAQO-NKQUBO EZIQHELEKILEYO:Ukubeka iliso kumgangatho womoya kunye nomgangatho wamanzi ziinxalenye zezinto ezibalulekileyo zokulondolozwa kwendalo, kunye nohlalutyo lwentloko kubonelela ngedatha efanelekileyo yezigqibo.

Isicelo kumashishini ahlukeneyo:

I-vials paiccesUfumene ukusebenzisa kumashishini amaninzi:

Amayeza:Uhlalutyo lwe-Entlokoce lubalulekile ekufumaneni izinyibilikisi ezikhoyo kwifom yokwenziwa kwamachiza nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezigulana ngokuqinisekisa ukuba izinyibilikisi ezinobungozi zihlala zihleli kwimigangatho eyamkelekileyo.

Ukutya kunye nesiselo:I-ARMMA Quats Dlala Inxalenye ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni amava emvakalelo esinxulumana nezidlo kunye neziselo, kwaye uhlalutyo lweentloko, kwaye uhlalutyo lwentloko lubonelela ngophuhliso lwemveliso kunye nokulawula imveliso.

Ukuhlolwa kwendalo: I-vials paiccesNikezela ngempumelelo indlela efanelekileyo yokulinganisa uluhlu lwezinto eziphilayo (VOCs) emoyeni, amanzi, kunye neesampulu zomhlaba-ugqibelele kuvavanyo lokungcoliseka kunye nokuhlangabezana nemigaqo yokusingqongileyo.

I-Fournsics: Uhlalutyo lwentloko Idlala indawo yophando lwe-arson, isazisi esikhawulezileyo kunye nohlalutyo lweziyobisi.

Iincasa kunye neziqholo:I-Congrance kunye nokuqulunqwa kweoyile kubalulekile kakhulu, ihlala ingenamakhulu amabakala amabinzana. Uhlalutyo lwentloko

Inkqubela phambili nakwindlela ezizayo:

Inkqubela phambili yeTekhnoloji iye yazisa utshintsho oluguqukayo kwi-chromatography, kubandakanya uhlalutyo lweentloko. Ukuqhubeka kokuphuculwa koyilo lwe-Vial, ubuntununzi bokufumana idatha kunye nobuchule bokuhlaziya idatha kukuphucula ukuchaneka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kuhlalutyo lweentloko; Ngapha koko, ukudibanisa intloko kunye nezinye iindlela zeCromatographic ezinjengeSpectrimetry yandise amandla ayo nangaphezulu.

Imizamo yophando ikwafuna ukujongana nemiceli mngeni efana nexesha lokulingana kunye neziphumo zeMatrix, ngelixa usenza iiprotokholi ezisemgangathweni kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zesampulu kunye neemeko ezifanelekileyo ziya kukhokelela kwiziphumo ezithembakeleyo nezingapheliyo.

I-conlicution

I-vials paiccesube noguquko indlela ezixineneyo eziguqulweyo zihlalutywe nge-chromatography. Ukubaluleka kwabo ekugcineni ingqibelelo kunye nokuphucula imvakalelo akunakugxininiswa okugqithisileyo, ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kwabo kuyaqhubeka nokwandisa inkqubela phambili kwinkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye neendlela zokusebenza-ukubonelela ngoqeqesho lwezenzululwazi.

Ukuphucula izakhono ze-chromatography zakho zesampulu yesampulu namhlanje! Funda ubuchwephesha bokwahlula kunye nokucutha ii-vicces zentloko kweli nqaku inyanisiweyo:Zonke malunga ne-vial cupimper: I-13mm ye-13mm kunye ne-20mm

Ngaphambili:

Ndikhetha njani i-septum elungileyo ye-vial ye-HPPL yam?

Okulandelayo:

I-chicromatography ye-chromatography ye-chiatography yepetroli