Ukuvavanywa kwemfuno yeoksijini (i-COD) yindlela ebalulekileyo yokuvavanya umgangatho wamanzi kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo yemithombo, kubandakanya imilambo, amachibi kunye nezityalo ezitshisayo. I-COD lilinganisa isixa seoksijini esifunekayo ekufumaneni imichiza ye-ordic computer emanzini emanzini, enokubonisa inqanaba longcoliseko lwangoku. Ukusetyenziswa ngokukuko kweeTubs zovavanyo ze-COD kubalulekile ekufumaneni iziphumo ezichanekileyo nezinokuthenjwa. Le bhlog iya kukukhokela ekusebenziseni ngokufanelekileyo iityhubhu zovavanyo lwe-COD zovavanyo lomgangatho wamanzi, kubandakanya amalungiselelo, iinkqubo, kunye neendlela ezilungileyo.

Iityhubhu zovavanyo ze-CODze zenziwe ngeglasi ekhethekileyo okanye iityhubhu zovavanyo zeplastiki eziqukethe iiRegegent ezilinganiswe kwangaphambili zohlalutyo lweCOD. Ezi tyhubhu zovavanyo zihlala zisetyenziswa ngeenkqubo zokuhlalutya ze-ememetric ukwenza ubungakanani be-COD kwiisampulu zamanzi. Olu vavanyo lusekwe ekuphenduleni kwento yezinto eziphilayo ngearhente eqinileyo, i-potassium dichromate, kwisisombululo se-acidic.

Ngaba uyayazi ukusetyenziswa kweetyhubhu zovavanyo lwe-COD kuhlalutyo lwamanzi? Nceda ufunde eli nqaku: I-TOD ye-CoD isetyenziswa njani kuhlalutyo lwamanzi

Iimpawu eziphambili zeeTubs zovavanyo lweCOD

IiRegents ezilinganiswa kwangaphambili: Iityhubhu zovavanyo ze-COD ziza neendawo zokuhlala ezipakishwe kwangaphambili, zenziwe lula inkqubo yokulungiselela iisampulu zohlalutyo.

Ukuhambelana: Ezi tyhubhu zenzelwe ukuba zisetyenziswe kwiifoto ezizodwa okanye ii-mibala, ukuqinisekisa imilinganiselo echanekileyo.

Imo esayidiweyo: Uyilo olutywiniweyo luthintela ungcoliseko kunye nokuphuma kwamathambo, ukugcina ingqibelelo yesampulu ngexesha lovavanyo.

Ukulungiselela uvavanyo lwe-COD

Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise inkqubo yovavanyo lwe-COD, kufuneka ulungele ngokupheleleyo. Nantsi amanyathelo afanele ukulandela:

1. Qokelela izixhobo eziyimfuneko

Qiniseka ukuba unazo zonke izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo, kubandakanya:

Iityhubhu zovavanyo ze-CODngerejista yangaphambili
Isampulu yamanzi ekufuneka ivavanywa
Ifotometer okanye i-boolmeter ihambelana neetyhubhu zovavanyo lwe-COD
Ipatte okanye isirinji yokuqokelela iisampulu
Izixhobo zokukhusela zobuqu (i-PPE) ezinje ngeigloves kunye ne-goggles

2. Ukuqokelelwa kwesampulu

Qokelela isampulu yamanzi ukuze uhlaziywe ngenxa ye-COD. Kubalulekile ukuba ulandele iindlela ezifanelekileyo zesampulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba isampulu imele umthombo wamanzi. Nazi ezinye zeengcebiso zokuqokelelwa kwesampula:

Sebenzisa izikhongozeli ezicocekileyo: qinisekisa ukuba isikhongozelo sisetyenziselwa ukuqokelela isampulu sicocekile kwaye simahla.

Khusela ungcoliseko: Lumka ukuphepha ukuqaphela nawuphi na umcimbi welinye ilizwe kwisampulu ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqokelela.

Cazulula kwangoko: Yenza uhlalutyo lwe-COD ngokukhawuleza emva kokuqokelelwa kwesampula. Ukuba uhlalutyo alunakwenzeka ngokukhawuleza, gcina isampulu kwindawo epholileyo yokunciphisa utshintsho lwenguqu.

3. Ukulondolozwa kwesampula (ukuba kukho imfuneko)

Ukuba awukwazi ukuhlalutya isampulu yakho ngokukhawuleza, unokufuna ukuyilondoloza. Kwiisampulu ze-COD, zihlala zicetyiswa ukuba zinciphise i-pH ukuya kwi-2 okanye ngaphantsi ngokongeza i-SulFuric Acid (H₂so₄). Oku kuya kunceda ukuzinzisa isampulu kwaye kunciphise umsebenzi webhayoloji kude kube kuvavanyo lwenziwa. Soloko ulandela izikhokelo zokhuseleko xa uphatha ii-acids.

Ukwenza uvavanyo lwe-COD

Nje ukuba ulungiselele isampulu yakho kwaye waqokelela izixhobo eziyimfuneko, unokwenza uvavanyo lwe-CoD. Nali isikhokelo senyathelo lenyathelo lenyathelo:

1. Guqula iityhubhu ze-COD

Faka ilebhile ii-tubs: ilebhile ngokucacileyo ityhubhu nganye ene-ID yesazisi ukunqanda ukudideka kamva.

Yongeza isampulu: usebenzisa umbhobho okanye iSiringe, yongeza ngononophelo isampulu yamanzi kwityhubhu yovavanyo lweCD. Landela imiyalelo yomenzi wenani lesampulu ekufuneka yongeza.

2. Yongeza i-regents

Ukulinganiswa kwangaphambili kwakhona:Iityhubhu zovavanyo ze-CODyiza neerejista zangaphambili. Qiniseka ukuba iiRegents zicocekile kwaye iityhubhu zitywinwe ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke.

Hlanganisa kakuhle: Emva kongeza isampulu, cap ityhubhu iqinile kwaye uxube kakuhle ukuqinisekisa ukuba iiRegents zichithwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye zisabela kwisampulu.

3. Ukufudumeza ityhubhu yovavanyo

Ukufudumeza Inyathelo: Beka ityhubhu yovavanyo kwibhloko yokufudumeza okanye ukuhlamba amanzi kwaye ubushushu kwiqondo lokushisa elichaziweyo (ihlala ijikeleze i-150 ° C) ngexesha elicetyiswayo (rhoqo iiyure ezi-2). Eli nyathelo libalulekile kwimpendulo ye-oxidation ukuba yenzeke.

Amanyathelo okhuseleko: Sebenzisa isilumkiso xa uphatha izixhobo ezishushu kwaye uqiniseke ukuba ityhubhu yovavanyo libekwe ngokukhuselekileyo ukuthintela ukuchitheka.

4. Ukupholisa ityhubhu yovavanyo

Emva kokuba ixesha lokufudumeza ligqibelele, lisuse ityhubhu yovavanyo ukusuka kumthombo wobushushu kwaye ivumele ukuba ipholile kubushushu begumbi. Eli nyathelo libalulekile ukuthintela ukonakala kwifoto okanye kwi-colomel ngexesha lohlalutyo.

5. Ukulinganisa i-CoD

Uhlalutyo lweFotmetric: Nje ukuba ityhubhu yovavanyo ipholile, yibeke kwifotokhi okanye kwibala lemibala. Cela isixhobo ngokwemiyalelo yomenzi kwaye ulinganise i-absen.

Ukurekhoda iziphumo: Isixhobo siya kubonelela ngokufunda okuhambelana ne-cod gxininisa kwisampulu. Urekhode ngokuchanekileyo iziphumo zohlalutyo olongezelelweyo.

Ngaba uyawazi imigaqo yokusebenza ye-cod vial? Nceda ufunde eli nqaku:Umgaqo wokuSebenza we-CoD vial vial

Ukuqukumbela

Ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kweIityhubhu zovavanyo ze-CODUvavanyo lomgangatho wamanzi lubalulekile ekufumaneni iziphumo ezichanekileyo nezinokuthenjwa. Ngokulandela amanyathelo achazwe kule blog, kubandakanya amalungiselelo eendlela zokulungiselela, iinkqubo zovavanyo, kunye neendlela ezilungileyo, unokuqinisekisa uhlalutyo lwe-COD olusebenzayo. Le ndlela inokubonelela ngokuqonda okuxabisekileyo kumanqanaba ongcoliseko olusebenzayo kwimithombo yamanzi, encedisa ukukhusela impilo yoluntu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ukuqonda indlela yokusebenzisa iityhubhu zovavanyo lwe-COD kunoko kunceda ukulawula nokubeka iliso kumgangatho wamanzi, nokuba kuselebhuleni okanye kwindawo yentsimi.

Ngaphambili:

Yonke into ofuna ukuyazi malunga ne-ERESCE GC GC

Okulandelayo:

Yeyiphi i-buffer ilungele isigaba sakho se-HPLC?