Chilichonse chodziwa za zosefera zamapepala

Zosefera Pepalandichinthu chofunikira m'minda yosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza labotale, kuyang'anira zachilengedwe, chakudya ndi chakumwa ndi zopanga mafakitale. Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikusiyanitsa zolimba kuchokera ku zakumwa kapena kuwonetsetsa kuti ndikhale oyera ndi mtundu womaliza. Nkhaniyi imatenga kuyang'ana papepala, kuphimba mitundu, mawonekedwe, njira, mapulogalamu, ndi mapindu ake.

Tanthauzo ndi mawonekedwe a mapepala

Pepala losefera ndi chotchinga chowoneka bwino chopangidwa ndi ulusi wa cellulose kapena zinthu zina zomwe zidapangidwa kuti zilolere zakumwa kapena mpweya wodutsa mukulanda ma tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Kugwira ntchito kwa pepalali kumakhudzidwa ndi mawonekedwe angapo ofunikira:

Kupanga kwakukulu kumalola pepala losefera bwino tinthu tambiri ndikulola kuti madzi ayende.

Mafuta a Madzi: pepala losefera amatha kuyamwa madzi ambiri, ndikupangitsa kukhala koyenera kwa ntchito monga kupondaponda kwa khofi ndi kusefedwa kwa mafuta.

Kusunga kwa tinthu: kuthekera kusunga tinthu tating'ono ndi kovuta kwa mpweya ndi madzi omwe amasamba.

Makina osokoneza bongo: Mapepala ambiri ofeseka amapangidwa kuti akane mankhwala osiyanasiyana, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera m'malo osiyanasiyana opanga mafakitale.

Mphamvu: Ngakhale pepala losefeseka ndi loonda, limalimba mokwanira kupirira zovuta za kusokonekera.

Mitundu ya mapepala

Zosefera papepala zitha kulembedwa motengera momwe amagwiritsira ntchito ndi zinthu:

1.

Mapepala oyenerera amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pantchito zofananira, ndikutsindika zosiyanitsidwa ndi zakumwa popanda kusowa kwa zomwe amafunikira. Mapepala awa amapangidwa ndi ulusi wa thonje kapena nsalu ndipo amasankhidwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana kutengera kukula kwa pore. Makulidwe wamba ndi monga:

Grass 1: Kukula kwa Pore pafupifupi 11 μm; amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kufesa kwa labotale.

Gires 2: Kukula kwa Pore pafupifupi pafupifupi 8 μm; Zoyenera kuyang'anira zodetsa nkhawa.

Gires 3: Kukula kwa Pore pafupifupi pafupifupi 6 μm; Zabwino kunyamula zitsanzo mutatha kusefa.

2. Mapepala ochulukitsa

Mapepala ochulukitsa, omwe amadziwikanso ngati mapepala opanda mawonekedwe akhungu, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwunika kwa gravimetric, zotsalira zomwe zotsalira zimafunikira. Mapepala awa ali ndi phulusa lotsika kwambiri ndipo amathandizidwa kuti azithana ndi malamulo. Makulidwe wamba amaphatikizapo No. 50, Na

3. Chromatographic mapepala

Mapepala a chromatographic amapangidwira makamaka maluso a chromatography. Awongolera kuyamwa ndi makulidwe, omwe amathandizira kulekanitsa mankhwala osakaniza. Mlingo wa mayamwidwe umatha kusintha kwambiri kutengera kugwiritsa ntchito.

4.. Pepala lagalasi yagalasi

Zosefera mitsuko zamagalasi zimadziwika chifukwa cha dothi lalitali lomwe limatayika ndikugwirizana ndi zisudzo zankhanza. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pantchito zomwe zimafuna mitengo yotsika kwambiri ndipo imagwira ntchito posefa zitsanzo za m'mapapo.

5. Zojambula zopanga

Mapepala azosefera awa amapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zopangidwa monga polypropylene kapena polyester. Amakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya mankhwala komanso kulimba kuposa mapepala azikhalidwe.

Zoseweretsani pepala

Kupanga kwa pepala losefeseka kumaphatikizapo njira zingapo:

Kusankha kwazinthu: Zinthu zazikuluzikulu ndizochokera ku cellulose yochokera ku ulusi ngati thonje kapena zamkati zamkati. Mafuta opangidwa amathanso kuwonjezeredwa kutengera zomwe mukufuna.

Kukonzekera kwa cell: cellulose imasweka m'mafuti ang'onoang'ono omwe amatha kusakanikirana ndi madzi kuti apange malo otsekemera.

Kupanga mapepala: Kusuta kumakonzedwa m'matchalitchi kudzera m'makina otsegula.

Kuyanika: Mukapanga, mapepala amawuma pothira madzi okwanira.
Kuphimba: Kutengera kugwiritsa ntchito kofunikira, mankhwala osiyanasiyana amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe a Fyuluta, monga kukonza mphamvu yake kapena kukana kwa mankhwala.

Mapulogalamu a mapepala

Zosefera pepala zili ndi ntchito zingapo m'makampani osiyanasiyana:

1. Mapulogalamu a labotale

Mu labotale, pepala losefera zili ndi mbali zotsatirazi:

Kukonzekera zitsanzo: Chotsani tioneradiratu kuti mumveke bwino yankho lisanachitike.

Kusanthula kwa Gravimetric: Sonkhanitsani zotsalazo pambuyo posenda.

Kuyesa kwamagetsi: tenani ma microorganisms ochokera ku zitsanzo zamadzimadzi.

2. Kuyang'anira zachilengedwe

Pepala losefera limachita mbali yofunika kwambiri yopenda mtundu:

Kuyesa kwamadzi: Kugwiritsa ntchito kusanthula zitsanzo zamadzi mwa kusefa zodetsa nkhawa.

Kuwunika kwa mpweya: Kugwiritsa ntchito kugwirira tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timasanthula.

3. Kusefedwa kwa mafakitale

M'mayiko a mafakitale:

Zosakazidwa ndi utoto: zimachotsa mosamalitsa kuchokera ku zojambula ndi zokutira.

Kusefa kwa Mafuta: Kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta kuti achotse zodetsa ndi mafuta.

Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito mapepala

Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito mapepala ndi:

Kugwira Bwino: Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika mtengo kuposa njira zina monga membrane kapena mafayilo opanga.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Kusavuta kugwira ntchito ndipo palibe zida zapadera zofunika.

Kusiyanitsa: kumapezeka pamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Kuphatikizidwa kwa mankhwala: Mitundu yambiri imatha kulekerera mankhwala owononga, kukulitsa ukulu wawo m'malo osiyanasiyana.

Maganizo akamagwiritsa ntchito mapepala

Ngakhale zili zothandiza, pali zinthu zofunika kuzilingalira mukamagwiritsa ntchito mapepala:

Kusankha mtundu woyenera: Kusankha mtundu woyenera kutengera zomwe mukufuna kuchita ndizofunikira kuti mukwaniritse zotsatira zabwino.

Kuthana ndi Maganizo: Chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti mupewe kuipitsidwa panthawi yosungira ndikusungirako.

Kuchepetsa malire: Sikuti mapepala onse amasamba amatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri; Zinthu zoyenera ziyenera kusankhidwa kutengera zofunikira za pulogalamuyo.

Zojambula za pepala ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri chifukwa chokhoza kusintha bwino m'malo amadzi kapena mpweya. Pali mitundu yambiri ya zosefera zamapepala zomwe zimakwaniritsa zosowa zenizeni mu labotaries, kuyang'anira zachilengedwe, kupanga chakudya, njira zamafakitale. Kumvetsetsa zomwe, kupanga, ndi magwiridwe antchito a pepala kumalola ogwiritsa ntchito kusankha mtundu woyenera kwambiri chifukwa cha zosowa zawo, ndikuonetsetsa zotsatira zapamwamba kwambiri kuti ziziseka. Pamene ukadaulo umapita patsogolo, zotuluka mu mapepala zosefera zimapitilizabe kukonza bwino komanso kuwonjezera ntchito zawo m'minda yosiyanasiyana.