Yakazara organic carbon (toc organic) chiratidzo chakakosha chemhando yemvura nekuti inojekesa zvese organic carbon makomputa mune sampu. Toc inoratidza kusvibiswa kubva kune zvakasikwa kana manhamba akagadzirwa uye akaomeswa neengozi senge microbial gadzirisa uye kusaturika ne-zvigadzirwa. Semuenzaniso, organic kusvibiswa kunogona kushatisa ion-exchanges system uye mafuta asingadiwe microbial kukura, kugadzira mvura isina kuchengetedzeka. Kuongorora TOC kunonyanya kuoma kune yakanyanya-yekuchena uye inonyatsotarisa pane bod \ / cod yekutsvaga organic nyaya muUltra-yakachena kana yemishonga-giredhi mvura. Mukudzidzira, kuyerwa kweTOC kunopa chirimwa maneja uye lab anoongorora nekukurumidza, eggregate chiratidzo cheiyo organic mutoro. Nekuti toc ongorora oxidize organic carbon kuCo₂ uye chiyera zvakananga, ivo vanopa kutsanya, kuverenga kwakadzama kwekusvibiswa kwe organic.
Toc vs. mamwe ma parameter (cod, bod, doc)
|
Paramende
|
Tsanangudzo \ / Izvo Izvo Izvo Zvinoyera
|
Chaizvoizvo Kuongorora Nguva
|
Masimba
|
Zvisingakwanisi
|
|
BOD (Biochemical Oxygen inodikanwa)
|
Oksijeni inopedzwa ne microbes mu5-zuva biodegradation ye organics
|
~ Mazuva mashanu
|
Inoratidzira magetsi emagetsi emagetsi okushayiwa; Regulatory Nongedzo Paramende Paramende
|
Kuongorora zvishoma (kwemazuva mashanu); kushandurwa kwakasimba ± 10-20%; inogona kudzikiswa nezvinhu zvine chepfu
|
|
Cod (chemakemikari okisijeni)
|
Oxygen yakaenzana inodiwa kune oxidize organics nemakemikari akasimba oxidant (kazhinji dichromate)
|
Maawa mashoma
|
Fast fungidziro yeiyo yakazara oxidizable nyaya
|
Zvimwe zvimamwe zvinodzivisa oxidation (zvichisimbisa yakaderera cod); haina kusiyanisa organic vs. inorganic kabhoni; inoshandisa zvine muchetura regute (e.e.e.e.Dichromate)
|
|
Toc (yakazara organic kabhoni)
|
Yakazara kabhoni mune ese organc comprounds (inoshandurwa kuCO₂ ne oxidation)
|
Maminetsi (<10 min)
|
Matanho akananga organic kabhoni; nekukurumidza kwazvo uye chaiko; Yakakura Dynamic Range (PPB to% mazinga)
|
Haina kuyera oxidation state kana okisijeni kudiwa; Mvura yemhando yematare anowanzo funga kuti akaomeswa \ / cod mazinga
|
|
Doc (Yakanyungudika Organic Carbon)
|
Chidimbu cheTOC chinopfuura nepakati pe0,45
|
Zvakafanana ne toc (uchishandisa zvakafanana analyzer)
|
Inotarisa pane yakanyungudutswa magetsi (yakakosha yekubatwa> / inoumba mvura)
|
Zvitsikiso zvinobuda pachena; inoda kusefa sampula usati waongorora
|
Mune pfupiso, nepo cod \ / bod yave metrics metrics, toc inopa ayakananga uye nekukurumidza chiyero che organic kabhoni. Doc iri subset yeTOC (inobatsira pakurapa mamiriro). Kuenzanisa tafura sekubatsira kweBatsirai Rubbes Sarudza Paramende Yakakodzera: Semuyedzo, kuongororwa kwekukurumidza, nepo Chodhi
Zvikumbiro zveTOC kuongorora
Toc kuongororwa kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya kupfuuraZvakatipoteredza, pharmaceutical, uyeIndustrialZvirongwa:
- Kutarisa Kwepomberedza:Mune nzizi, nyanza uye kumwa matsime emvura, doc \ / toc itsimudziro yemvura yemvura. Yakanyungudika organic carbon (Doc) mafuta emvura yekudya chikafu uye zvinongedzo mvura yakachena uye marine carbon carcle. High doc mazinga emvura mumvura yepasi inogona kutungamira kukuvadza kwekukuvadza ne-zvigadzirwa (i.e. trihalometana) kana chlorine ichiiswa. Masangano ezvemamiriro ekunze uye zvinoshandiswa saka monitor toc \ / Doc kutevedzera kusvibiswa (e.e. Runnoff kana algal kuderedzwa) uye kuongorora kurapwa kwekurapa.
- Pharmaceutical uye Ultra-Yakachena Mvura:Zvidyarwa zvemishonga uye machira micreilectronics anoda kuti Ultra-yakachena mvura. Kunyangwe trace jegtics inogona kukanganisa zvishandiso kana kuita panguva yekugadzira. Toc ndiyo kiyi metric yekuchena kwemvura mune izvi mamiriro. Toc Kuongorora Kunovimbisa Mvura Inosangana Nemaitiro Akanyatsochena Kwekutonhora, kuchenesa, kana kugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa. Semuenzaniso, chero kubuda muToc mune yeMishonga Mvura Loop inogona kuratidza kusvibiswa (uye kugona microbial kukura), saka kuenderera mberi kuongorora kweToc kunowanzo shandiswa mumishonga yemishonga yemishonga.
- Maindasitiri maitiro uye marara:Kugadzira uye kurapwa zvirimwa zvinoshandisa toc kuyerwa kweKuteerana uye Kugadzirisa Kudzora. Nekuti marara asina kurambidza, mirau (seU.S. NPDE) Limit organic kusvibiswa; Kuongorora toc kunobatsira kuve nechokwadi chekusimbisa kunosvika aya miganhu. Mukudzidzira, mafekitori mazhinji anoshandisa online toc anoongorora kuti aongorore fungidziro uye gadzirisa kurapwa munguva chaiyo. Mukati mezvekuita, toc inogona kukanganisa chigadzirwa mhando - semuenzaniso, yakakwira toc incess yemvura inogona kukuvadza kana kushatisa yekupera-chigadzirwa chekupedzisira. Kutsvaga TOC kunobvumira mainjiniya ekugadzirisa matanho ekurapa uye anoshandiswa nemvura. Semidziyo imwe yemidziyo inotsvedza, toc ongorora inobatsira vagadziri nemirairo nekutariswa neyekutarisa "uye zvakare gonesa" nekugadzirisa kurapa "nekugadzirisa kurapwa zvichienderana neTEC mazinga. Makambani zvakare anoona TOC kutonga sechikamu cheuto hwezvakatipoteredza - kuderedza organic mutoro mune discharge kunoonekwa sechinangwa chekusimbisa.
Kuyambuka Aya marongero, toc uda kuongorora vamwe sensors (pH, kunyengera, nezvimwewo) uye kazhinji chikamu chemuviri-paramende yekutarisa suit mutariri. Zvirimwa zvizhinji zvinogadzirisa toc neBod kana Cod Trends kamwechete hukama hwakasimbiswa, uchishandisa toc seyekukurumidza proxy okisijeni kana kugona.
Toc kuyerwa nzira
Toclyzicers anotevera nhanho mbiri huru:oxidationyetsimbe kuCo₂, ipapokuwanikwaof the co₂ (kazhinji nekubvumidzwa kana kufambidzana). Dzakati wandei nzira dzakawanda, imwe neimwe yakakodzera kumhando dzakasiyana dzemienzaniso. Iyo tafura iri pazasi yeGuides nzira yekusarudzwa:
|
Nzira
|
Oxidation & kuwanikwa
|
Chaizvoizvo Shandisa Makesi
|
Pros \ / Cons
|
|
Yakakwira-tembiricha oxidation (combustion)
|
Furaice oxidation at ~ 1000-1200 ° C (kazhinji platinum-carlyzed), co₂ yakayerwa na ndir
|
Yakakwira toc kutarisisa kana samples ine zvinyorwa; Maindasitiri marara uye organics
|
Pros: anenge akazadzisa oxidation yezvese zvenguva; inoshanda kune yakaoma samples. Cons: yakakwira simba kushandiswa uye michina mutengo; inoda kuchengetedza choto uye mabhata. Kazhinji zvishoma nezvishoma yekupfuura uye kwete seyakakodzera kuteedzera (PPB) mazinga.
|
|
Kupfupikisa oxidation (makemikari)
|
Makemikari emakemikari oxidation uchishandisa kupfugama, kukwidziridzwa nekupisa kana uv (Photo-komiti). Co₂ akayerwa na nti not kana donderivity
|
General Lab & Yenzvimbo yekushandisa: Kunwa Mvura, Akasviba, Mvura, mishonga yekupa mvura yekupa mvura
|
Pros: inoshanda kune yakasiyana-siyana yetsika; Zvakajairika kuti akaderera-ane mwero toc (PPB-PPM). Kupisa \ / UV inosimudzira oxidation yekubudirira. Nekukurumidza uye kushoma kudhura kupfuura kusanganisa. Cons: inoda reagents (kupfupinha); Reagents inopa chinhu chisina chinhu chinofanira kuiswa pasi. Isina kukwana oxidation inogoneka kune mamwe makomputa (achienzaniswa nekurohwa).
|
|
UV (Photolytic) oxidation
|
Ultraviolet mwenje (kazhinji 254 nm, dzimwe nguva necatalyst) kune oxidize organics; Co₂ akayerwa na nti not kana donderivity
|
ULTRA
|
Pros: Hapana akawedzera Reagents (kuderera kugadziriswa); zvakanaka kune yakaderera kwazvo kutarisisa. Cons: oxidation kukwana kunogona kuve kushoma kune yakakwira toc; isina kukodzera samples ine zvakakosha zvemo kana tarisiro. Inovimba nehurefu Uv nzira kureba kana CATALYSTS.
|
Kusarudza nzira chaiyo:Yakakwira-temp oxidation inosarudzwa kune yakasviba yakasviba kana yakakwirira-toc samples, uko mineral yakazara inodiwa. Kwemarabhoritari mazhinji uye kunwa-mvura samples, nzira dzekunyengedza (neUV kana kupisa) dzinoda kusvika pakumhanya uye kuzere nekuzara. UV-chete oxidation inowanzochengeterwa iyo Ultra-yakachena mvura, apo kunyange diki regent mavara asina kusarudzika. Vakawanda vazvino toc vanoongorora vanogona kushanda mumhando dzakawanda (e.e.e.e switchable uv kana kupisa kuwedzera) kuvhara huwandu hwakawanda hwematrices.
Sampling zvakanakisa maitiro uye zvikanganiso zvakajairika
Sampling yakakodzera iri yakakoshaKuve nechokwadi chechokwadi toc mhinduro. ZVINOKOSHA ZVINOKOSHA ZVINOGONESA ZVINOGONESA:
- Shandisa yakachena, inert midziyo: Unganidza toc samples mune pre-yakacheneswa, yeGirazi yemahara kana yakasimbiswa mapurasitiki mabhodhoro. Shinha mabhodhoro ane sampula mvura usati waunganidzwa kuti uderedze kusvibiswa. Ngwarira chero ipi zvayo organices kana lubricants pane sampling gear.
- Kuderedza kusvibiswa uye musoro:Chinjana samples nokungwarira kudzivirira kutsiga kwemhepo kana kurasikirwa kwecarbon dioxide. Siya zvidiki zvidiki zvemusoro (mhepo) mubhodhoro kuti uderedze co₂ kuchinjana. Zvekuteedzera zviyero zveTEC, kunyange atmopheric co₂ inogona sey skew mhedzisiro, yakawanda labs inoshandisa yakavharwa-loop sampling kana kuongorora pa-line.
- Acidify kana kuunganidza> 24H:Kana iyo sample isingagone kuongororwa nekukurumidza (mukati ~ 1 zuva), gadzirisa iyo kuna Ph Izvi zvinobvisa Isorganic kabhoni (Bicarbonate \ / carbonate) seCo₂ isati yaongororwa uye inochengetedza organic kabhoni. Acidifying zvakare inhibits basa rekubereka. Label sampuli yega yega uye tevedza chero mirairo ye lab yekutumira.
- Refiriji uye Ongorora nekukurumidza:Chengetedza samples dzinotonhora Ongorora samples nekukurumidza sezvinobvira; Usavarega vagare pamhepo tembiricha, iyo inogona kuburitsa kana kudya carbon kuburikidza nehutachiona.
- Dzivisa zvinowanzoitika misungo:Kukundikana kubvisa inorganic kabhoni (kwete acidifying) inogona kukonzera kuyamwisa toc kuverenga. Uchishandisa mabhodhoro akasviba kana magurovhosi-kunze magurovhosi anogona kuwedzera kabhoni. Kuunganidza samples pane zvisiri izvo mapoinzi (i.e. mushure mekurapwa panzvimbo yemapoinzi akasarudzwa) anotungamira kune unychentive mhedzisiro. Kwete kusanganisa sampu kana kusiya zvisingaonekwe mumitsetse mukumiswa kunogona zvakare kuongorora toc zviyero (sezvo chidimbu chekaroni chinogona kana kuti chisingaverengeki zvichienderana nekuongorora).
Nekutevera kuchenjera kwakasimba uye kuchengetedza protocols, uye nekuzviverenga kabhoniconic kabhoni, marabhoritori anodzivirira akajairika toc sampling zvikanganiso. Semuenzaniso, mvura yeTexas yemhando yepamusoro inonyevera pachena "TOC samples dzinofanira kunge dzichida ... kana dzisiri kuzoongororwa mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana". Pamusoro pezvo, toc kutarisa zviyero zvinowanzoda nyaya dzakanyatso sampling uye dzokorora samples kuve nechokwadi chekudzora kwemhando.
Kugadzirwa muTEC TECHINGOLOGY
Toc ongorora tekinoroji inoramba ichishanduka pamwe nezvitsva zvekubatana, kutama, uye kungwara:
- IIIT uye REMO REMORI KUTAMBURA:Vazvino Tac ongorora vanowedzera kupa network yekubatanidza Smart mvura yekutarisa masisitiri izvozvi inosanganisira toc sensors padivi phi, etc .. Semuenzaniso, imwe chete yekuongorora mhinduro mhinduro "toc sensor" pakati payo ot-yakabatana probes. Uku kubatana kunoita kuti vashande vashande vanoona toc mazinga ari kure uye kugadzirisa maitiro nekukurumidza.
- Inotakurika uye Mucherechedzi Muongorori:Kufambira mberi kwemukati m miniaturized sensors kwakaburitsa ruoko rwekaseti yeTOC metres yekuedza-kwesaiti kuyedza. Inotakurika TOC \ / Doc Metres (kazhinji uchishandisa Optical UV-LED Sensing) Bvumira Tezvina maitiro kuti uwane kuverenga zvakanaka mumasekondi pane chero nzvimbo. Izvi zviripo zvemumunda zvinowanzoitika zvinodziya nekukurumidza Ivo vanowedzera toc kuyedza kupfuura iyo lab: chirimwa chemvura chinogona kuona-tarisa toc pamapepa mazhinji (eg. rova, tank, tangi) pasina kuunganidza samples yekuongorora lab.
- Kungwara kwehunyanzvi uye anaye ana ana ana:Data-inotungamirirwa nzira dziri kubuda muTOC Management. Kudzidza kwemuchina (ml) mhando dzinogona kufanotaura toc mazinga kubva kuCorrated sensor data, kushanda se "vanyoro sensors." Semuenzaniso, mune yebasa rebasa rebasa, iyo ml-powered sensor yakagadziriswa kufanotaura kuCoc yakavakirwa pane nhoroondo yedhorobha. Iyi modhi yakavandudza kurongeka kweToc fungidziro uye yakabatsira kurapa kurapwa (senge ozone dosing) isina kuyera tec zvakananga. Muzhinji, Ai \ / ml inobatsira nekuona anomalies kana kudhonzwa muToc kuongorora, kufanotaura kuConcons, uye kupa sarudzo sarudzo. Seimwe indasitiri yekuongorora zvinyorwa, ML iri "kugadzirisa mvura yemhando yemhando yekutarisa," inogonesa kudzora kwetsiva kwe toc uye zvimweparamita.
Dzimwe Dzwiyo dzinosanganisira UV-LED TECKology (Mercury-Yemahara-Yemahara Lamps Operation yekunyora, uye Kugadziriswa Kwemhinduro yeTOC Zvakazara, izvi zvinofambira mberi zvinoita kuti chioneke cheToc chinja, otomatiki, uye inodzidzisa. Laboratories uye zvirimwa zvinotarisa kuongororwa zvinogona kuongorora network kuongorora, minda, uye gore software iyo inodudzira Ai yekududzira maitiro e toc.
Runako Runyorwa MuToc Analysis
Kutarisira kumberi, maitiro akati wandei ari kuumba munda we toc kuyedza:
- Chaiyo-nguva uye online kutarisa:Iko kushanduka kune kuenderera mberi pa-line toc ongorora kuchawedzera. Sechiridzwa chinova chakavimbika uye chakaderera-kugadzirisa, zvidyarwa zvichafamba kupfuura nguva nenguva sampuro kune yechokwadi-nguva toc yekuongorora. Izvi zvinofambiswa neicho chinodiwa chekutonga kwekukurumidza kudzora uye kutevedzera vimbiso.
- Kubatanidzwa kwedata uye AI:Kushandiswa kuri kukura kweAI, muchina wekudzidza uye mapuratifomu emakore anogadzira data reToc rakawanda. Fungidzira mhando (senge iyo yeiyo sensor sensor mune reuse system) ichatsveneswa ne data hombe, kubvumira zvivakwa kuti ufungisise organic spikes uye kugadzirisa kurapa. AI-inotyairwa analytics ichabatsirawo gadzirisa kuchengetedza (kufanotaura mwenje kana chivimbi chekuchembera) uye kuderedza maalarm enhema.
- Miniaturization uye notens sensors:Toc tekinoroji tekinoroji icharamba ichingoenderera. Tarisira mita yakawanda inotakurika uye kunyange sensor network (Wireless toc sensors) yekugoverwa kutarisa. Kutsvagisa kutsvagurudza kunoongorora nzira dzechisimba uye dzeElectrochemical nzira dze organic kabhoni, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kune nyore, kuraswa toc sensors yekuongorora kwemunda.
- Kudzora uye Kutadza Kutarisa:Mitemo inogona kuwedzera kubatanidza toc kana kunyungudutswa organic carbon miganhu (yekusawisirwa ne-chigadzirwa precursors, semuenzaniso). Zvinangwa zvekusimbisa zvinosundira maindasitiri kuderedza organic discharges; Toc uda kuongorora ichave zvishandiso zvakakosha pakuratidzira kugona kwekurapa uye zvakanakisa maitiro.
- Yakabatanidzwa Paramende Ongororo:Muongorori wenguva yemberi anogona kuyera akawanda kabhoni paramita panguva imwe chete. Semuenzaniso, chimbo chimwe chete chinogona kutaurira toc, doc, uye dentorbance (uv254) kana kunyange bod yakaenzana kuburikidza ne proxies. Uku kutarisisa kwekutarisa kunokodzera pamwe nemazuva ano zvakabatanidzwa sensor system.
Aya maitiro anonongedzera kuToc Ongororo ichiva yakabatanidzwa, otomatiki, uye inofungidzira. Labs uye Mvura Kurapa Nyanzvi dzinofanirwa kugara dzichiudzwa nezve mitsva yeTOC zviridzwa (eG. IIOT-inogonesa kuzviongorora, advanced oxidation sensors) uye zvishandiso software.
Mhedziso uye kufona kune chiito
Kunzwisisa uye KutarisaToc organicyakakosha kumavhaka emazuva ano emhando yemhando. Taona kuti tichaita sei kuti tishandire matsika matsika (cod, bod, doc) nekukwira zvakananga organic carbon nekukurumidza. Kunyangwe kuve nekuteerera nekutsvagisa mvumo, kuchengetedza huwandu hwemvura, kana kuchengetedza zvinokuvadza ne-zvigadzirwa, toc ongororo inopa zvinonzwisisika.
Mvura yemvura uye zvirimwa zvinorapwaInofanira kuongorora yavo toc trategy Online toc Ongorora Tarisa kuongororwa neakanaka yekuona renji (PPB kune yakakwira ppm) uye zvinhu zvakaita se otomatiki acid purge, calibration nzira, uye kubatana.
Sezvo kufambira mberi kwehutsinye, kugara zvazviri ndiko kiyi. Ongorora kuunganidza data toc muDhijitari Dashboards kana AI masisitimu kufanotaura nyaya vasati vamuka. Shanda pamwe neTEC Vevatengesi uye nyanzvi dzehunyanzvi kuti usarudze tekinoroji yakanaka yezvido zvako zvaunoda. Nekugadzira toc organic chiyero chikamu chekuongororwa kwemvura, maLabs uye zvidyarwa zvinogona kuvandudza kugona, kuve nechokwadi chekuteerera, uye kuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda.
Mareferensi:.
Chirungu
ChiChinese
