CraftsManship ea ChrMefuta ea Omatography
Ho tiea ha li-chromatography, ho itšetleha haholo ka mokhoa o moholo ebile o tšepahala. Har'a bana bana, litabeng tsa li-ciamatography a eme a le haufi empa a le ka ho sa khutse empa a kenya letsoho ba fanang ka bathusi ba tsoang ho Symphoy ea bokhabane. Thupa ea matsoho e amehang pōpong ea masea ana ke bonono bo fetang ka nqane ho sejana. Nakong ena ea tlhahlobo, re ithuta tsebo ea khaello ea li-craftshigraphy, re li bama maemong a liletsa tsa pelehi.
1. Khetho ea lintho tse bonahalang: Tsebo ea ho leka-lekana
Ka thekollong ea mesebetsi ea matsoho ea matsoho ho na le khetho ea thepa. Litomana tsa li-chromography li entsoe ka kutloisiso e kholo ea sebaka sa poso sa lik'hemik'hale ba tla tsamaea. Khetho e pakeng tsa borolicate e bolaeang le thepa e fapaneng ea polymer ke motjeko o bobebe pakeng tsa lintlha tse kang ho hloka masene, ho tsitsa le ho tsitsa tsa motlakase le ho hanyetsa ho koetliso ea lik'hemik'hale.
Mokokotlo ka har'a khetho ea lintho tsa boitsebiso o tiisa hore ea bohlokoa e fetoha molekane ea lumellanang le li-chromatographic tse ka sekisetsa botšepehi ba mohlala.
2. Tlhahiso ea Ts'ebetso: Bothata bo botle
Mofuta oa mesebetsi ea matsoho oa craftsMatograph Ho kuta ha temoso ho kenyelletsa mekhoa e rarahaneng ho fihlela bophahamo bo fetohileng, ho netefatsa hore o tsamaisana le liletsa tse ling tsa li-apromatographs.
Ebang ke pōpo ea li-vaiase tse nang le litlolo tse 8-425 tse nang le likhahla tse ikhethang
3. Phekolo ea holimo: Litšebeletso tse monate
Lintoa tse ka hare tsa kalafo ea likhama tsa ciaroma ea li-chromagraus tsa ciaromani Ka mohlala, Silanization, e le mohlala, e kenyelletsa ho fetola merusu ea lefatše ka ho fokotsa ho rema mohlala oa mohlala. Phekolo ena e bobebe e lula lipakeng tsa hydrophophic le hydrophphilic cydrophphilic
Braftsmaenhip sebakeng se kaholimo ke moeki o etsa hore litholoana tse behang hantle, haholo-holo lihlahlobo tse fokolang tse ka susumetsang liphello.
4. Sistimi ea ho koaloa: E netefatsa hore ho na le maikutlo a oirtight
Mokhoa oa ho koaloa oa litakatso tsa ciamatography ke mokhoa o tsoileng matsoho oa bosholu, o etselitsoeng ho fana ka tiiso ea moea o sirelelitsoeng khahlanong le tšoaetso le mouoane. Hore na ke sekoli sa sekoli, "cap cap
Tšebeletso ea mesebetsi ea matsoho ha e kenya ts'ireletso ea sampole feela empa e tiisa feela polokeho ea ts'ebeliso e kopanang ka mokhoa o se nang leeme.
5. Taolo ea Boleng: Motsamaisi oa mokhanni
Ho sheba li-canmatography tse lumellanang le li-valmatography molemong oa taolo ea boleng bo botle, o lekanang le mokhanni oa liletsa. Ho hlahlobisisa ka setotsoana ho lekola ho netefatsa hore e tiisa ho kopana le litekanyetso tse matla bakeng sa boholo, lintho tse bonahalang.
BraftsManship ka taolo ea boleng ke ketso ea hoqetela e khethollang hore na ea sebetsanang le eona e tla kenya letsoho ho nepahala le ho ts'epahala ha chromatographic ea senokoane. Eitse hobane e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e tebile ke tebello ea boitlamo ka bokhabane ka mokhoa oa ho hlahlojoa.
6. Meetso e hlophisitsoeng: ho sututsa meeli
CraftsManhip ha e eme; E fetoha feela ka bokhachane. Malinyane a chromatography a lula a infusion ea merero le litšobotsi tse ncha, li sutumelletsa meeli ea se ka etsahalang. Ho Fokotsa Liphalo-Bapala Pele, ho etsa lintho tse ling tse ngata, 'me meralo e meng e mengata e entsoe ka sepheo sa ho bua ka mathata le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea' mele ka kakaretso.
Craftsmansmolohueng ka boqapi e tiisa hore likhama tsa li-cormatography li lula li le ka pele ho tsoelo-pele ea bo-rasaense le langola.
Lisebelisoa tsa liphatsa tsa chromatography
Ho talima ha li-chromagraphy, leha hangata li bonoa e le lijana tse bonolo, li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho boloka botšepehi le ketsahalo ea lits'ebetso tsa setsebi. Lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang ho li-vials tsena tse mpe li tsitsipanya mohlala, ho tsitsipana le ts'ebetso ea thuto e akaretsang. Ha re ntse re batla ho hlahloba lintho tse fapaneng tsa litamo tsa li-chromagraphy, re utloisisa thepa ea bona e ikhethang le lits'ebetso tsa tsona tse ikhethang.
1. Khalase ea Borosilicate: maemo a lekiloeng a nako
Khalase ea Borosilicate e eme e le litaba tsa setso le tse sebelisoang haholo bakeng sa litakatso tsa caromagraphy. E tsebanoa ka lik'hemina tsa eona tse ngata tsa lik'hemik'hale le tsieleho tse futhumatsang, khalase ea bohlanya e tiisa hore se vaisa ha se ho kena-kenana le sampole. Mofuta ona oa khalase o tšoaneleha haholo bakeng sa lijalo tsa chromatography tse phahameng tsa lifofane tsa chromatography e kholo ea li-chromatography tsa metsi.
E 'ngoe ea melemo ea bohlokoa ea khalase ea borolicate e kamehang ho se sebetse hantle, ho fokotsa kotsi ea ho senya ka lebaka la ho hlahlojoa. This characteristic makes borosilicate glass vials ideal for demanding applications in pharmaceuticals, environmental analysis, and clinical research.
2. Polymers tsa polasetiki: Ho feto-fetoha ha li-chromatography tsa mehleng ena
Ho qala thepa ea kajeno ea polymer ho hlahisitse karolo e ncha ho moralo oa varianography. Plastatics e kang polypropiplene (PP) le polyethylene Terephthate ea (phoofolo ea lapeng. Fana ka melemo joaloka boima bo tlase, le ho hana ho likolo. Ha lipono tsa polasetiki li kanna tsa se lumellane le litlolo tse sa jeleng matsoho, tsoelo-pele ea mahlale a Polymber e ntlafalitse ho hanyetsa ha bona ka lik'hemik'hale haholo.
Ka mohlala, vaialies e tšoanelehang hantle bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse sa tšoanelang hantle 'me e ka ba khetho e ntle ha katleho ea litšenyehelo ke eona e tlang pele. Leha ho le joalo, hoa bohlokoa hore u nahane ka mokhoa o hlakileng oa thepa ea polasetiki e nang le litlhahlobo tse khethehileng tsa ho thibela ho nepahala ha liphetho tse ka amang ho nepahala ha liphetho tse ka amang ho nepahala ha liphetho.
3. Khalase ea Polymer-Care: Ho ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa ha lik'hemik'hale
Liphaelo tsa khalase ea Polymer li fana ka khoele ea khalase ea khalase le likhang tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa lik'hemik'hale tse hlahisitsoeng ke likheo tse fapaneng tsa polymer. Likotsi tsena li sebetsa joalo ka sekala se sirelletsang, li fokotsa menyetla ea tšebelisano ea mohlala le bophahamo ba sekhahla.
Makhooa a tloaelehileng a polymer a kenyelletsa polyvinyl chlonide (pvc) le polystetrafleneeroethylene (ptfe). Li-coati tsa Pvc li ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa ha voliction ho acidic kapa li-disets tsa mantlha, ha PTFI COTINS e fana ka lintho tse ikhethang. Li-vielise tsa khalase tsa polymer tse fumanang lits'ebetso maemong moo ho hanyetsa ka ho khetheha ka lik'hemik'hale ho bohlokoa haholo, joalo ka tlhahlobo ea lintho tse tahiloeng haholo.
4. Ho ts'oara li-vaiala tsa ho kenya: Ho kopanya tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa lefats'e ka bobeli
Ho fifalitsoe ho kopanya likotlo tse kopanyang khalase ka har'a polasetiki kapa polasetiki ka ntle. Moralo ona o ikemiselitse ho kopanya botle ba khalase le ho feto-fetoha ha polasetiki. Ho kenya khalase, hangata e entsoeng ka khalase e borolicate, e sebetsa joaloka sampole, e sebetsa joaloka sampole, e thibela mohlala, ho thibela mohlala hore u kopane le mabota a maholo.
Ho Fokotsa Malinyane a kenyelletsang ho nka bohato haholo ha o sebetsana le lihlahlobo tsa boemo ba traces, moo ho boleloa mohlala ho ka ama haholo mahlomola haholo. Moralo ona o fokotsa kotsi ea tahlehelo ea mohlala ebile e fana ka tharollo e sebetsang bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa li-chromatographic.
Ka sehopotso sa chromatography, khetho ea lintho tse terise e hole haholo - qeto kaofela. Boitsebiso bo bong le bo bong bo tlisa litšebeletso tsa eona le mekhoeng ho tsamaisa likhetho tsa bona ho latela mekhoa e khethehileng ea mekhoa ea bona ea phatlalatso.
Litlhaloso ea likhahla tsa chromatography
Malinyane a chromatography a sebeletsang e le motheo oa ho mela hatheka, ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho boloka botšepehi le katleho. Litlhaloso tsa likhama tsena ke lithibelo tsa bohlokoa tsa ts'ebetso ea tsona ho li-chormatograph tsa li-chormatographic. Ka ho phatloha hona ho tebileng ka ho tebileng, re nosetsa ka thata ka lits'oants'o tsa chromagraphy, tse tšosang linthong tse mahlonoko tse hlalosang ts'ebetso ea tsona e makatsang e hlalosang ts'ebetso ea bona e hlalosang ts'ebetso ea bona.
1. Boholo bo boholo le bophahamo: ho rala hantle
E 'ngoe ea litlhaloso tsa motheo tsa litakatso tsa ciamatography ke bokhoni ba bona ba boholo le bophahamo. Li-vaels lia fumaneha ka boholo bo boholo, ho tloha ho microscale ho ea ho Macro, ho ea ho setjhaba se fapaneng sa boithuto ba tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo. Khetho ea boholo ba boholo bo ipapisitse le lintlha tse kang bophahamo ba molumo, bophahamo ba ente le kutloelo-bohloko ea mokhoa oa tlhahlobo.
Li-miniscale Liphara tsa Microscale, hangata ka Mana Tonging ho tloha ho 0,1 ho isa ho 0.5 ml, li loketse likopo tse hlokang maemo a sa tloaelehang a mohlala. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, vaestals e fetang 2 tsohle, fumana ts'ebeliso bo hlokang lipalo tse ngata tse batlang joalo ka choromatography e sebetsang.
2. Sistimi ea ho koaloa: Ho boloka botšepehi ba mohlala
Tsela ea ho koaloa ha masela a khetla ea chromagraphy ke ho tiisa hore ho tiisoa haholo, ho thibela tšoaetso ea sampole le eva. Litsamaiso tse fapaneng tsa ho koala li sebelisoa, ho kenyelletsa le li-cap tsa screw, li-caps tsa litlolo le li-cap tsa snap, e mong le e mong o fana ka melemo e fapaneng.
Mesebetsi ea Screw e fana ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng le o bonolo oa ho tiisa o tsitsitseng, o fana ka boiketlo le ho hokahana le lits'ebetso tse ikemetseng. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, likatse tse kenyelletsang tšebeliso ea sesebelisoa se hlomonang ho sireletsa Cap, e netefatsa tiiso e tiileng. Li-Cap tsa snap li supa moralo o bobebe oa snap-ka ho ikoetlisa kapele le bonolo ho sampole.
3. Setsi sa Septa: Bothata khahlanong le tšilafalo
Septa, litiiso li behiloe kahare, e sebetsa e le tšitiso lipakeng tsa mohlala le tikoloho ea kantle. Khetho ea boitsebiso ba Septa ke ea bohlokoa ho thibela tšoaetso ea mohlala mme e netefatsa liphetho tse sa fetoheng. Lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa Septa li akaretsa silicone, PTFE (PTF (PTFIE (PTF (PTFE (PTFE (PTFE (PTFE (PTFE (PTF (Polytetrafluoethylene), le rabara.
Silicone Septa e sebelisetsoa ho hloka kelello le ho tsitsisa ha tsona, ho etsa hore li lokeloe ke lits'ebetso tse pharalletseng tsa likopo. PTF Septa Siontan ts'episo e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale ea ho khetha lihlahlobo tse hlokang hore li-sampole tse mabifi. Rubber Sepda e khethoa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tseo tiiso e tiileng e nyarosang.
4. Phekolo ea holimo: ho fokotsa ho rema ke mohlala
Phekolo ea mantlha ea Valth ea Via e hlakisa hore e ama ho rema ke mohlala. Ho fokotsa ts'ebelisano lipakeng tsa mohlala le marako a maholo, kalafo ea mantlha a kang a Silansion a sebetsa. Liphae tsa khale tsa Sirile li na le karolo e tšesaane ea silane ea silane, e fetolang thepa ea bokaholimo e le hydrophobic kapa hydrophilic.
Silanization e na le molemo haholo-holo ka sekaseka ho ts'oana le maemo a makatsang moo ho boleloa mohlala oa mohlala ho ka ama haholo mahlomola. Ka ho sebetsana le litšobotsi tsa holimo tsa Val, tlhaloso ena e netefatsa litholoana tse nepahetseng le tse hlahisitsoeng ke litso tse arohaneng li-chrotographic.
5. 'Mala: Ho sireletsa disampole tse bobebe
'Mala oa litakatso tsa ciaromatography ke litlhare tse fetang a Aesthetics, li bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa ho sireletsa disampole tse ntle. Li-vaels tsa amber kapa tse sootho li tloaetse ho sebelisoa hangata ho smop sampole ho tloha liphellong tse litšila tsa ultraviolet le khanya.
Metsoako e metle ea UV, joalo ka mekhahlelo e meng ea UV, joalo ka mekhahlelo e meng ea mekhamati kapa liroboto tsa tikoloho, li ka senyeha ha li pepesoa ha ho hlaha leseli ha li pepesoa. Lintho tse litšila tsa Amber li sebetsa e le thebe e sireletsang, tse bolokang botsitso le botšepehi ba mohlala nakong ea polokelo le ho hlahlojoa.
6. Matšoao a kabo ea mangolo: ho tsamaisa tekanyo ea bophahamo
Matšoao a mangolo ke taba ea bohlokoa bakeng sa likhakanyo, o fana ka sesupo sa se bonoang ka har'a molumo oa mohlala ka har'a temo ka har'a temo. Tekanyo e Nepahetseng ea palo ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa boitokisetso ba mohlala le ente ho lihlahlobi tsa chromatographic.
Hangata, li-vaes li tšoailoe ke mela e lekantsoeng, li lumella basebelisi ho lekanya le ho se sebetse hantle. Mareka ena ea lengolo-holo e ntlafatsa tlhahiso ea sampole, e netefatsa hore e tla u hlahlobang.
7. LITLHAKISO: Ho netefatsa boleng le ho lumellana
Ho latela melao le ho lumellana le maemo a indasteri ke litlhaloso tse nyarosang tse buang le boleng le ho ts'epahala ha litakatso tsa caromagraphy. Litoro tse entsoeng ka ho latela melao ea machabeng, joalo ka ISO kapa Astm, etsa hore ba tšepe basebelisi mabapi le ts'ebetso ea bona le boikarabello ba likopo tse fapaneng.
Ntle le moo, likokoana-hloko tse etselitsoeng likopo tse ikhethileng, tse kang litlhahlobo tse ikhethang, li ka ba le tsebiso e netefatsang ka litlhoko tsa molao. Setifikeiti ke teko ea boleng bo tenang, ho ts'epahala, le ho khomarela maemo a ho etsa thepa.
Lefatšeng le rarahlaneng la li-choromagraphy tsa likhahla li sebetsa e le polane ea katleho ea tlhahlobo. Ho tloha ka boholo le ho koaloa litsamaisong tsa mantlha tsa kalafo le litheolelo, tsebiso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe li beha karolo ea bohlokoa ho netefatsa botšepehi, e nepahetse, le ho se tšepahale.
Kopo ea liphatsa tsa ciaromatography
1. Phallo ea meriana e nang le li-vamatography tsa chromatography
Lefatšeng le matla la meriana, moo nts'etsopele le tlhahiso ea meriana e sa thekeseng, ho boloka matsapa a li-chromotography, ho sireletsa botšepehi ba sampole. E qapiloe ka botlalo ka lintlha tse hlakileng, lihlapisa tsena li fetoha lisebelisoa tse sa sebetseng hantle tsa ho li-laboratories tsa pharma, boleng ba meriana le katleho.
Indasteri ea meriana e sebetsa tlas'a melao e nang le likhoele, moo ho hlakileng ha ho hlalosoa ho baka phepelo e tobileng le katleho. Litoro tsa celium, hangata li entsoe ka thepa ea premium e kang khalase ea borolicate, li khethoa bakeng sa ho hlonepha ha bona le botsitso. Boitsebiso bona bo tiisa hore semelo se sa pheleng ka boeona ha se hlahise sampole kapa ho kena-kenana le ho hlahlojoa, ho boloka bohloeki ba meriana tlasa ho hlahlojoa.
Ho tsamaisana le li-autoslemplers tse fapaneng ke letšoao la mesebetsi ea matsoho le ka morao litabeng tsa charomamagraphy Liphalletso li reretsoe hantle ho kopanngoa ka tsela e seng ntle ho sistimi e ikemetseng, e lumellang lihlahlobisisi tse akaretsang. Khokahano ena ha e ntlafatse katleho ea li-ramaratories tsa meriana empa hape e fokotsa kotsi ea phoso ea motho, ho nahanisisa ka ho teba ho etsa hore ho be le bothata.
Litsamaiso tsa ho koaheloa ke li-vaew, ebang li-cap tsa seqhetsoana, li-cap tsa li-crimp, kapa li-caps tse halikiloeng, li tšeloa ho theha sethala sa moea le tšilafalo. Ho tiea ena ea kelello ho bohlokoa haholo ho laola taolo ea meriana, moo ho feto-fapaneng le ho fapanyetsoa metsotso e ka ama meriana ea meriana ea meriana.
Litloaelo tsa ciaromagraphy li kenya letsoho haholo Patlisisong ea phano le nts'etsopele, ho thusa ka tlhahlobo ea lisebelisoa tse tala, menyakotsi le lihlahisoa tsa ho qetela. Ebang ke khethoa ke khatello ea meriana kapa ho lemoha litšila, likhama tsena li fana ka tikoloho e sireletsehileng bakeng sa karohano le bongata ba metsoako e nepahetseng le khethollo ea likhakanyo.
Ka laboratoring ea meriana, moo lithupa li leng boholo le katleho e ngata, mesebetsi ea matsoho e kenelletseng matsapa a canromatography e fetoha lejoe la katleho ea chromatical. Li-vios tse ngata li tiisa hore bo-rasaense ba Balisa ba ka itšetleha ka litholoana tse nepahetseng le tse khothatsang, qetellong bohato ba ho ba thusa ho theha meriana e tobanang le litekanyetso tse ntle tsa polokeho le katleho.
2. Malinyane a chromotography ho tlhahlobo ea tikoloho
Sebakeng sa tlhahlobo ea tikoloho, moo bophelo bo botle ba li-chromatograph ba lekantsoeng joalo ka bahlokomeli le ho ts'epahala ha mekhoa ea litaba. E tsamaisoa ka nepo mme e etselitsoe ho fihlela mathata a ikhethileng a ho sekaseka sampole ea tikoloho, bana bana ba bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho sireletsa polaneteng.
Litlamo tsa chromagraphy e ba lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa metsi, mobu le sampole tsa metsi, li kenya letsoho kutloisisong ea rona ea tšilafalo le litlamorao tsa rona tikolohong. E qapiloe linthong tse kang khalase ea bosurilicate, likokoana tsena li bontša hore sehloelle seo se ka sekisetsa botsitso ba sampole.
E 'ngoe ea litšobotsi tsa bohlokoa tse etsang hore li-caterian tsa lisosa tsa tikoloho li-bahlokomeli ba tikoloho ke tsona, tse sitisang ho sekaseka ka ho hlahlojoa nakong ea ho hlahlojoa. Sena se bohlokoa haholo lithutong tsa tikoloho, moo ho nang le mathata a polao a lokelang ho bonoa ka nepo le ho makala. Lithuto tsa seriti tsena li tiisa hore litholoana tsa 'nete, li lumella bo-ramahlale ho etsa liqeto tse nang le tsebo mabapi le ho shebella poloko le boiteko ba poloko.
Kamohelo ea litakatso tsa li-chromagraphy tse nang le mekhoa e fapaneng ea mananeo a chromatography le li-chromatography tsa khase le li-chrosatograph tsa metsi tsa khase. Ho ikamahanya lena ho etsa hore bo-ramahlale ba khethe mokhoa o nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa litlhoko tsa bona tse ikhethang tsa tikoloho ho bona sebopeho sa moea bakeng sa metsoako ea mafutsana.
Ha batsamaisi ba tikoloho ba batla ho sebetsana le mathata a lefatše a joalo kaPhetoho ea maemo le tšilafalo, litakatso tsa ciaromagraphy li eme e le li-menitinel,e thusa likarolo tse hlakileng tse khabisitsoeng ka maano a tikoloho. Bo-ramahlale ba bona ba netefatsa hore bo-rasaense ba tikoloho ba ka itšetleha ka maemo a tikoloho ea batho bakeng sa meloko e tlang.
3. Malinyane a chromatography ka taolo ea boleng ba lijo
Lefatšeng la Gastrony, moo ho tantšang mapheo le polokeho mahala, varomanigraphy e hlaha e le li-heroes tsa boleng le bohloeki. Ha re ntse re e-na le ho nepahala, likotlo tsena li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa sebakeng sa lijo le tse hlakileng, li kenya letsoho ho thehoang ke polokeho ea balekane.
Litloaelo tsa ciaromagraphy e ba liletsa tsa bohlokoa ho lits'ebetso tsa taolo ea boleng bo botle ba mofuta oa lijo le lino tse takiloeng. Ebang e sekaseka sebopeho sa metsoako, ho lemoha li-sintinants, kapa ho netefatsa bonnete ba litato, litho tsena tse sireletsehileng li fana ka tikoloho e sireletsehileng bakeng sa li-chromatographic. E qapiloe ka lisebelisoa tse kang khalase e borolicate, li netefatsa hore nyamelo e lula e le kahare, e thibela ho sitisoa le monko o bonolo le monko o tlase.
E 'ngoe ea litšobotsi tsa bohlokoa tse etsang hore litšoaneleho tsa calmatography tse amanang le litlhoro tsa culinary li lumellana le mekhoa e mengata ea tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo. Ho tloha ho li-chromatography tsa khase li-chromatography tsa chromatograph tsa chromatograph tsa chromatogram tsa chromatogram, ho lumella setsoalle sa lijo ho khetha mokhoa oa bona o loketseng ka ho fetisisa. Ho atisa ho ikamahanya le maemo ho sebetsana le mathata a fapaneng a hlahisoang ke matrix ea rarahaneng ea lijo le tsa litlolo.
Mekhabiso ea mesebetsi ea matsoho e hlophisitsoeng ka tatellano ea li-chromagraphy e fetiletsang lits'ebetso tsa bona tsa ho koaloa. Ebang ba litsuka li-crest bakeng sa bonolo kapa li-caps tse sireletsehileng, ho koaloa tsena ho netefatsa hore lintho tsa nakoana li tiisa pheletso ea metsoako e meholo. Indastering moo ho nepahala ha ho nepahala ho atileng ka boleng, tiiso ea airtic e fanoang ke li-vial tsena e pateloa.
E le mesebetsi ea matsoho ea masapo e sutumelletsa meeli ea tatso le bareki tlhokahalo pepeneneng ea lijo, litakatso tsa ciamotography li e-ba lisebelisoa tsa tiiso. Litako tsa bona tsa mesebetsi ea matsoho li thehiloe ho moo litaking li bopehileng ka kichineng ho kopana le litekanyetso tsa boleng bo matla, le hore silika e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e khothalelitsoe le tlhokomelo. Sebakeng sa Sekolo sa mantlha, matsali a bahlokomeli ba chromani a khutsitse, a netefatsa hore tsebo ea Gastrony e lula e le khalefo le polokeho.
4. Lits'oants'o tsa bongaka tsa bongaka tse etsahalang ka li-chromatography tsa chromatography
Sebakeng sa tlhahlobo ea bongaka, moo ho loketseng liqeto tsa bongaka, litabeng tsa li-circhegraphy li nang le litsietsi, matsali a li-chromagraphy a hlaha e le lijana tsa bohlokoa tse batlang. E qapiloe ka lintlha tse hlakileng ka botlalo, ho na le bonnete ba hore litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle li ka tšepa ho nepahala ha litsebi tsa bona tsa tlhokomelo ea bona.
Litloaelo tsa Bo-'nete li fetoha bahlokomeli ba ho etsa tlhahlobo ea bongaka, moo tlhahlobo ea batho ba nang le eona ke mohato oa bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo. Ho qaptjoa ho tsoa linthong tsa Premium tse kang khalase e bonyang, boloka bothata ba samoloji, ba tiisa hore setsomi se ka sitisang ho nepahala ha sephetho sa tlhahlobo.
Ho tsamaisana le li-autosamplers ke letšoao la mesebetsi ea matsoho le li-craftship tsa li-craftographyHotography Moralo o hlophisitsoeng oa lienjiniere oa lienjineri tsena o lumella tokiso e sa sebetseng hantle ka mekhoa e mehlano ea ho etsa qeto ea ho etsa phoso ea motho. Khatiso ena e bohlokoa haholo-holo ea li-laboratoring ea bongaka moo ho sebetsang hantle le ho nepahala ha tsona.
Tsamaiso ea ho koaloa ea litakatso tsa ceromatography, ebang ke li-cap tsa crew, ebang ke li-cap tsa crew, kapa li-cap tsa crimp Tiiso ena ea kelello e bohlokoa ho thibela ho ba mouoane le tšilafalo, ho boloka hore li-samoloji ea bona ea pele nakong ea ho hlahlojoa. Mehleng ea Clinical, moo ho nang le phapang e nyane haholo e ka amang sephetho sa liphetho, 'me ka morao ho koaheloa ke mafolofolo ho boloka botsitso ba ho bala.
Lithibelo tsa ciaromagraphy li na le tlhaiso ea li-sampole tsa bioloji, ho tsoa maling le urine ho mokelikeli oa Cerebropinal. Hore na litho tsa Biomar, li amohela mekhoa ea lithethefatsi, kapa ho lekola maemo a lithethefatsi, ho beha lefu lena ka har'a likamano tse arohaneng tsa li-chrotographic tse nepahetseng. Litapole tsa bona ka morao ho mabaka a tsona li tiisa hore litsebi tsa tlhahlobo ea bongaka e nepahetseng li ka itšetleha ka litholoana tse nepahetseng le tse khothalletsoang, qetellong li tlatsetsong ho lemoha le taolo ea maemo.
Ka boeena la linoko tsa bongaka tsa bongaka, moo phello e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e nang le litlamorao tse bohlokoa tsa tlhokomelo ea mamello, masea a li-canmatography a eme e le linaka tsa ho nepahala. Setsebi sa bona sa mesebetsi ea matsoho se phetseng hantle ka ho nepahala ho nepahala ho nepahala, bana ba fanang ka kholiseho ka ho etsa liqeto tse nang le mamello.
5. Lithako tsa chromatography li sibolla
Ha bongakeng bo sehiloeng ba ho seha, moo bo-ramahlale ba ikemiselitseng ho nona liphiri tsa meriana le li-vamati tsa li-chromatography li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho bivotal. Ho thusoa ka nepo, likhahlano tsena li fetoha sekholopane ka lebaka la ho se fumaneng ho li-tsengessoctics le phetolelong ea kalafo e pentiloe.
Boanda, Matšoao a likokoana-pele kapa maemo, ke li-Linchpin tsa lipatlisiso tsa bongaka tsa mehleng ea sejoale-joale. Ho talima matsofetso a chromatic, ka mokhoa o hlakileng, ka boithati, fana ka motheo oa karohano le tlhahlobo ea samoloji ea khatello ea limela.
Litato tsa mesebetsi ea matsoho tse ka morao ho li-craftography li bonahala litseleng tsa bona tsa ho boloka botšepehi ba mohlala nakong ea liketsahalo. E qapiloe ho tsoa ho lisebelisoa tse kang khalase ea borolicate, likopano tsena li tiisa hore setsomi ha li hlahise likokoana-hloko kapa li-biomolecule tse nepahetseng. Boemo bona ba bohloeki bo bohlokoa haholo ho phehellang ho phehella ho khetholla Biomariking tse ka sebetsang ho lisosa tsa lits'oants'o kapa liphofu tsa kalafo.
Kamohelo ea litakatso tsa chromatography tse nang le mekhoa e metle ea tlhahlobo, ho kenyelletsa le li-chromatographs tsa chromatographs (LC-MES), li ithiba pele ho lipatlisiso tsa biomarker. Ho nepahala moralo oa bona ho fa bo-ramahlale ho fihlela karohano ea qeto e phahameng e hlokahalang bakeng sa ho bona li-bilolecule tse fokolang le ho kenyelletsa li-bilogion tse thata.
Ka ho sibolloa biomargy, moo sepheo se leng teng ho lemoha liphetoho tse poteletseng lisalfante tsa bioloji kapa tsa kelello tse fanoeng ke likhama tsa ciaromatography. Tial ena ea mahlo e thibela ho ba mouoane oa tlhaho ho thibela botsitso ba bitamolecules, ho netefatsa hore sephetho sa litholoana se etsa hore litholoana tsa litholoana.
Joalokaha bafuputsi ba kenella ka ho tsitsa tsa 'mele oa motho maemong a limolek'hule, litabeng tsa ciaromatography li bakoa ke matlafatso. Tšepama ea bona ea mesebetsi ea matsoho e tiisa hore karohano e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, tlhahlobo e ngoe le e ngoe e kenyang pele ho tsebiso e hlokahalang bakeng sa ho sibolloa Biomarker. Ka matsoho a bo-ramahlanong, ho hana meeli ea tsebo ea bongaka, ho feto-fetoha balekane ba ho khutsa ha ho na le kutloisiso e atlehang ea bophelo ba motho.
6. Malinyane a chromotography a sekaseka tlhatlhobo ea botlokotsebe
Sebakeng se khahlisang sa mahlale a Fora-pele, moo leseli le leng le le leng le nang le bokhoni ba ho rarolla sephiri, ho senolela liphiri tse patiloeng ka thoko ea botlokotsebe. Ha e ntse e sebelisoa ka mokhoa o hlakileng, likhakanyo tsena li fetoha lisebelisoa tse sa tsotelleng bakeng sa bahlahlobisisi ba sa tšepahaleng bakeng sa bahlahlobisisi ba sa tšepaneng, ba netefatsa ho nepahala le ho ts'epahala ha tlhahlobo ea bopaki e ka etsang kapa ho itšepa.
Malinyane a marang-rang a bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho boloka botšepehi ba disamples e bokelloang ho li-spomps tse bokelloang. The craftsmanship behind these vials ensures that they are inert and do not introduce contaminants that could compromise the forensic evidence. Ebang mali, moroto, kapa maro a mang a 'mele, bohloeki bo ne bo le lipakeng tsa' nete kamanong.
Ho tsamaisana le mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo ea li-chromani tsa li-chromani tsa li-chromani tsa chromagraphy ka pele ho lipatlisiso tsa bona tsa pele. Ho tloha ho li-chromatography tsa khase li-chromatography tsa chromatography, ho amohela lihlahla tse loketseng ho khetha lithethefatsi, li-cheisson le linthong tse ling. Ho nepahala ha bona Moralo oa bona ho tsamaisa karohano ea metsoako e rarahaneng, ho nolofalletsa ho khetholla mekhahlelo ea lintho tsa bohlokoa ho rarolla linyeoe tsa botlokotsebe.
Tlhatlhobo ea botlokotsebe, moo sepheo ke ho theha liketsahalo le ho theha linako tsa nako, litsamaiso tse sireletsehileng tse koalang matsalinyane a ciamatography li bapala karolo ea bohlokoahali. E qapiloeng ka nepo e kholo, sistimi e koalang e netefatsa tiiso ea mahlo, e thibelang khanyetso ea sampole le eva. Sena se bohlokoa haholo ha o sebetsana le dintho tse sa tloaelehang kapa ha o boloka bopaki bakeng sa nako e telele.
Phapang ea matsalinyane a li-cirshoagraphy a etswang tsa bona ho sekaseka masala a Arson, masala a sethunya le lisebelisoa tse ling tse tsamaisoang ka lipatlisiso tsa botlokotsebe. Litakatso tsena tse bohlale tsa maqiti ana a thusa ho ts'epahala ha liphetho tsa tšehetso, ho thusa bo-ramahlale ba ho qetela ho thibela lintho tse rarahaneng tsa lits'oants'o tsa tlolo ea molao.
Joalokaha mohlahlobi a hlileng a loantšanang a loanela ho se patisitse 'nete e patiloeng ea bopaki, matsalinyane a ciamotograph a fetoha bahlahlobisisi ba molao oa botlokotsebe. Boitšoaro ba bona, bohloeki, bohloeki le ho lumellana le hore bo-ramahlale bo hatella pele bo theha bo-ramahlale ba bona bakeng sa bonnete ba bona ba ho lakatsa ho utloisisa le ho nepahala ho hlokahalang ho rarolla linyeoe tse tebileng.
7. Malinyane a chromotography a tlhahlo ea oli le khase
Sebakeng se rarahaneng sa indasteri ea petrochemical moo boleng le boqapi ba li-chromatography li lekanyang katleho, li-valis tsa li-ciamatography li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa joaloka bahlokomeli ba ho itšireletsa. Ho botsoa ka lintlha tsa motheo, likhakanyo tsena li sebetsa e le sekhutlo le khase ka oli, e netefatsa hore sephetho sa bohlokoa, tlhahiso le hobo.
Litabeng tsa ciaromagraphy, livideo tse tsoang ho lisebelisoa joalo ka khalase ea borolicate, li bontša boitlamo bo sa feleng ba ho hloeka ke mohlala. Kaho ea Vialis "e thibela tšitiso ea letho, e bolokang tlhaho ea SAMPS e bohlokoa bakeng sa hlahlojoa e nepahetseng. Indasteri e ka ama boleng ba sehlahisoa, morero oa matsoho oa li-chromagraphy
Ho fapatsoloa ke letšoao le leng la likhakanyo tsena, ka ho lumellana ha mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo. Ebang o sebelisoa ho chromatography ea khase ea chromaccarbons kapa chromatography e sebetsang bakeng sa li-chromatograph tse rarahaneng, li-vils li fana ka sethala se tšepahalang bakeng sa karohano le bongata ba likarolo. Moralo oa bona o nepahetseng o lumella bo-pepelo tsa petrochemical ho fihlela likarohano tse tiileng tse phahameng, tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho khetholla metsoako e itseng ho sampole e thata.
Joaloka bahlokomeli ba litsebi tsa bophelo ba li-chromagraphy khahlanong le ho fetohela ketane, e boloka botsitso ba metsoako e sa fetoheng nakong ea tlhahlobo. Tlhokomelo ena ho lintlha tse hlahisoang ka ho emela sebopeho sa depo ea oli le kha ea mafura ka botšepehi. Lithibelo tsa li-chromani tsa li-craftsmanithara ea tsona, e eme e le li-li-li-menitine tsa tsona tse khutsitseng tsa ho tsosa, ka ho sebetsa ka thata ho fumana katleho ea indasteri ea boleng ba petrocheme.
8. Malinyane a chromography ka laboratoring ea thuto
Ka har'a Sebele sa Thupelo ea Se Thupelo, moo masala-mamati a tsoang nakong ea li-conmatography a hlahelang maeto a tsona a chromatography, a hlahelang makhapetla a thuto. E botsoa ka bonolo ntle le ho beha leihlo mabaka, matsapa ana a fetoha lisebelisoa tsa ho ts'oara bo-ramahlale ba thuto.
Tataiso ea li-chromagraphtography, e entsoe ka sepheo sa thuto kelellong, fana ka sethala se bonoang ho baithuti hore se hlahlobe mekhoa ea karohano. Litšobotsi tsa bona tse botsoalle li tsoa ho le ho feta, ho latela maemo a bonolo a ho sebetsana le lichankane tsa chromatograph E qapiloe linthong tse tšoarellang, tse kang khalase ea borolimate, tse matsala ana a hlopha mathata a liteko tsa thuto, a etsa bonnete bo tsoileng nako ea ho ithuta.
Ho se sebetse hantle ha li-cormatography ho li lumella hore li hokahane ho mahlakore a thuto, ho tloha karolong ea mantlha ho isa karolong ea mantlha ho mekhoa ea tlhatlhobo e tsoetseng pele. Baithuti ba fumana leseli le sebetsang melao-motheong ea chromatograph, ho ithuta ho sekaseka mekhoa ena ea ho sekaseka likarolo tse rarahaneng, tšoaea litso tse rarahaneng, le ho rarolla mathata a thata.
Joaloka lijana tsa tsebo, litabeng tsa li-chromani tsa chromani tsa chromatography, ka mokhoa o bonolo, o sebelisana le ts'ebetso, khothatsang bohelehele ba thuto. Ba bapala karolo ea bohlokoahali ho holisa melaetsa ea baithuti ka ho fana ka kamano e ka bonoang le lits'ebetso tse latelang tsa mahlale a ho se itšepe le ho ba le boiphihlelo.
Li-chromotography li ea sebetsa le ho boloka
Sebakeng se rarahaneng sa chromatography, moo ho neng ho sebetsana le ho sebetsana le ho boloka liliba tsa cumromalete ho ama litholoana tsa ho sekaseka haholo. Ho latela botsitso ho sampole ho tsoa ka tlolo ea liteko, le polokelo e nepahetseng ea ho boloka litaba ho netefatsa katleho ea lihlahlobi tsa chrotographic.
1. Khetho ea Velic le Tlhahlobo
Ho khetha li-canromatography tse loketseng tsa canromatography ke mohato oa pele oa ho bolela litholoana tse tšepahalang. Khetho e pakeng tsa Screw Cap, Cramp cap, kapa Liphahamo ba li-snap li ipapisitse le litlhoko tse ikhethileng tsa tlhahlobo. Li-vaels li lokela ho hlahlojoa bakeng sa liphiri tse kang chips, mapetso, kapa litšila pele li sebelisoa. E qapiloe ka lisebelisoa tse kang khalase ea borolicate, li-vavers tsena li khethoa hore ebe li holisoa ebile li tsitsitse, ho fokotsa kotsi ea ho sitisa kotsi ea ho sitiseng mohlala oa ho sitisa kotsi.
2. Ho hloekisa le kalafo pele
Ho hloekisa le ho tšoaea kalafo ea likhama tsa carmatographtography e letsanang le mehato e nyarosang ea tlhahlobo, e beha motheo o nepahetseng le o khothatsang. Tsamaiso ena ea motheo e etselitsoeng ho felisa mehloli e ka bang litšila, e netefatsa bohloeki ba mohlala le ho tšepahala ha chromatographic.
Ⅰ. Mekhoa ea ho hloekisa: Ho sebelisa matsaliana a chromotography ka botlalo ho lokela ho hloekisa masala kapa lithibelo tse ka u sitisang ho etsahala. Ho hloekisa hangata ho kenyelletsa ho hlatsa likhama tse nang le solvets e lumellanang le tlhahlobo. Mohato ona o bohlokoa haholo ha o fetoha lipakeng tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea mehlala kapa tlhahlobo ea ho thibela tšilafalo ea sefapano.
Ⅱ. Li-Protocol tsa Pele-Filoa: Mehlala e meng e ka hloka mehato e tobileng ea kalafo ea pele ho matlafatsa tšepiso ea li-chromatographic. Liphetho tsa li-chromatographic. Ka mohlala, ha u sekaseka lisapone tse tloaetseng ho adptions Bohato bona bo eketsehileng bo kenya letsoho karohano e nepahetseng le ho feta.
Ⅲ. Solvention Khetho: Khetho ea li-solvents tsa ho hloekisa e sebetsa hantle ts'ebetsong ea pele ea kalafo. Li-solvents li lokela ho khethoa ho latela bokhoni ba bona ba ho qhibiliha lintho tse qalang ntle le lihlahlobo tse latelang. Hangata li-soling li kenyelletsa metsi a hloekileng a hloekileng, Methanol, Acestoniitrile, kapa motsoako oa tsena, ho latela litlhoko tse ikhethileng tsa tlhahlobo.
Ⅳ. Mekhoa ea ho omisa: Kamora ho hloekisa, li-vaels li lokela ho omella ka botlalo ho tlosa ho lebala ka mokhoa o sa feleng, ho thibela kenyelletso ea eona kapa ho hlahlojoa. Tsamaiso e nepahetseng ea ho omisa, joalo ka ho hloekisa moea kapa ho fokola nitrogen, ho kenya letsoho ho boloka botšepehi ba semafolo le bohloeki ba sampole e latelang.
Ⅴ. Netefatso ea lits'ebetso tsa ho hloekisa: Ho netefatsa katleho ea lits'ebetso tsa ho hloekisa le tsa kalafo, hangata mehato ea netefatso e sebelisoa. Sena se ka kenyelletsa sampole e se nang letho ka ts'ebetso eohle ea tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo ho netefatsa hore ho na le ho se be teng ha litšila tse tsoang ho ea teana. Li-protocol tsa netefatso li kenyelletsa tšenyo e eketsehileng ea ho ts'epahala ha lihlahlobo tse latelang.
3. Ho sebetsana le mekhoa e metle
Ho nepahala ha ntho ea bohlokoahali ho bohlokoa ho thibela ho silafatsa le ho boloka botšepehi ba mohlala. Kamehla sebetsana le li-gloves tse hloekileng ho qoba ho hlahisa oli kapa likaroloana letlalong. Ts'ebeliso ea mananeo a hloekileng, a sa tšolloeng le lisebelisoa li khothalletsoa nakong ea phetisetso ea sampole ho fokotsa kotsi ea ho tlisa lintho tse ngata.
4. Ho sebetsana le ho sebetsana le ho tiisa
Ebang ke li-cap tsa screw, li-cap tsa litlolo tse tlotsang, kapa li-cap tsa snap, kapa likama tse nang le lero ebile li tsitsa ka nepo li bohlokoa. Li-caps li lokela ho tiisoa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng empa eseng tse ruruhileng ho qoba tšenyo. Li-Caps tsa Crimp li hloka ho sebetsa ka hloko ho netefatsa tiiso e nepahetseng ntle le ho hlakola cap. Likokoana-hloko li lokela ho kenyelletsoa ka thata ho thibela mouoane. Sekhahla sa kelello se fanoeng ke makhoaba ana a sebetsa ho boloka botšepehi ba mohlala nakong ea polokelo le ho hlahlojoa.
5. Maemo a polokelo
Litoro tsa ciaromagraphy li lokela ho bolokoa tlas'a maemo a nepahetseng ho boloka botsitso ba disampole. Bakeng sa likhakanyo tse matla, polokelo ea mocheso o tlase ho ka hlokahala ho fokotsa mouoane. Maemo a polokelo a lefifi a sirelletsang mehlala e bobebe e bobebe. Ho feta moo, ho ngolla ka nepo ho joalo ka ID ea sampole, Moratuoa le Boloka Hore Likhutsana tse nepahetseng li sebelisetsoa lihlahlobo tse nepahetseng.
6. Qoba Mohlala oa Sam Rece
Ho thibela sampole ea mohlala - tšilafalo, likhama tse inehetseng li lokela ho sebelisoa bakeng sa sampole e 'ngoe le e' ngoe. Ho hloekisa ka botlalo lisebelisoa le lisebelisoa pakeng tsa lisamoto ho bohlokoa. Ho boloka ka nepo le ho boloka mekhatlo, ebang ke li-racks kapa lisepi, ho boetse ho fokotsa kotsi ea metsoako ea tšohanyetso nakong ea ha ho etsahala.
7. Liteko tsa Tsamaiso
Ha ho tsamaisa likhathatso tsa chromagraphtography, haholo-holo bakeng sa mosebetsi oa tšimo kapa lihlahlobo tse hole, ho boloka liphutheloana tse sireletsehileng ho bohlokoa. Barekisi ba ikhethang kapa linyeoe tse sirelletsang ba thusa ho thibela ho senya le ho netefatsa hore li-vial tse fihlang li ea boemong bo nepahetseng.
Lingoloa tsa litlolo tsa hlpc le mekhoa ea ka moso
Boemong bo matla ba ho ts'oaroa ha cynamic ea chromatography e phahameng Tsoelo-pele ea morao-rao e bua haholo ka ho ntlafatsa ho nepahala ka lisebelisoa tsa lipale, tse kang thepa ea kahare, le ho kenyelletsa likarolo tse ntle tsa ho hokahana le sephatlo ka lits'ebeletso tse ikemetseng. Mokhoa oa nakong e tlang o totobatsa ho hlokomela le ho totobatsa, hammoho le nts'etsopele ea likhetho tse tenang tsa Eco-botsoalle. Ho feta moo, mahlale a maholo a bohlale, a kenyelletsa li-tag tsa li-sfid bakeng sa ho kopanya le ho kopanya data. Litsebi tsena li kopantsoe haholo ho ts'episa ho eketsa bokhoni ba motho ea sekaseka setsebi, lits'ebetso tsa bongaka, 'me li kenya letsoho bokamosong bo tsitsitseng le tse hokahaneng tse hokahaneng.
Senyesemane
Sechaena
