Iifilitha zephephalicandelo elibalulekileyo kwiindidi zamasimi ezahlukeneyo kubandakanya nophando lwelebhu, ukubeka iliso kwindalo, ukutya kunye nemveliso yokuxotha, kunye neenkqubo zemizi-mveliso. Umsebenzi wabo ophambili kukwahlula-hlula izinyibilikisi ezivela kulwelo okanye iigesi, ngaloo ndlela ziqinisekisa ubunyulu kunye nomgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela. Eli nqaku lithatha i-in-in-in-in-in-inqokelela yephepha lokucoca amaphepha, igubungela iintlobo zabo, iimpawu, iinkqubo zokwenza imveliso, izicelo kunye nezibonelelo.

Ingcaciso kunye neempawu zephepha lokucoca amaphepha

Iphepha lokucoca ifilitha sisithintelo se-semi-mveliso esekwe kwiintsinga zeselselose okanye ezinye izinto ezenzelwe ukuvumela ulwelo okanye iigesi ukuba zidlule ngelixa ifaka amasuntswana aqinileyo. Impumelelo yephepha lokucoca lichaphazeleka ziimpawu eziphambili:

I-Porosity: I-Porosity ephezulu ivumela iphepha lokucoca ukuba lifumane ngokufanelekileyo amasuntswana ngelixa uvumela ulwelo ukuba luhambe.

Iphepha lokufunxa lwamanzi: Iphepha lokucoca linokufumana izixa ezikhulu zolwelo, zenza ilungele ukusetyenziswa ezifana nokuveliswa kwekofu kunye nokufihlakeleyo ioyile.

Ukugcinwa kwemali: amandla okugcina amasuntswana amancinci kubaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo zomoya kunye nezixhobo zamanzi.

Ukuxhathisa iikhemikhali: Amaphepha amaninzi okuguqula ayenzelwe ukuxhathisa iintlobo ngeekhemikhali, ezenza bazilungele iindawo ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho.

Amandla: Nangona iphepha litshixiwe, lomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuze likwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo lwenkqubo yokuphosa.

Iindidi zamaphepha okucoca amaphepha

Iifilitha zephepha zinokuhlelwa ngokusekwe kusetyenziso lwabo ekusetyenzisweni nasekuqulunweni kwezinto:

I-1. Amaphepha obuciko afanelekileyo

Amaphepha eefilithitiutha olinganayo asetyenziswa ngokuyintloko kwimisebenzi yelitha ngokubanzi, egxininisa ukwahlula izinyibilikisi ezivela kulwelo ngaphandle kwesidingo semilinganiselo echanekileyo. La maphepha aqhele okwenziwa kwikotoni okanye i-lelin fibers kwaye ahlelwa kumabakala ahlukeneyo esekwe kubungakanani be-pore. AmaBanga aqhelekileyo abandakanya:

IBAKALA 1: Ubungakanani be-Porere malunga ne-11 μm; isetyenziselwa ukuqulunqa i-labhoratriji ngokubanzi.

IBAKALA 2: Ubungakanani be-Porere malunga ne-8 μm; Ilungele ukubeka esweni ungcoliseko oluthile.

IBAKALA 3: Ubungakanani be-pore malunga ne-6 μm; Ilungele ukuthwala iisampulu emva kokufakwa.

I-2. Amaphepha eefiltha

Amaphepha eefilithisi akwabizwa ngokuba ngamaphepha eefiltha anolwazi, asetyenziselwa uhlalutyo lwe-gravimetric, apho kufuneka khona imilinganiselo echanekileyo yentsalela eqinileyo. La maphepha anemixholo esezantsi kakhulu kwaye anyangwa ukukhulisa ukungamelana nemichiza. AmaBanga aqhelekileyo anokubandakanya i-50, No. 70, kwaye No. 90, zinobungakanani obuncinci bokugcwalisa.

I-3. Iphepha le-chromatographic

Amaphepha eCromatographic ayilelwe ngokukodwa kwiindlela zeChromatography. Baye bafumana i-ansing elawulayo kunye nobungqingqwa, ukuba yeyiphi i-AIDS ngokwahlulahlula imiqathango kumxube. Ireyithi yokufakwa inokwahluka kakhulu kuxhomekeka kwisicelo esithile.

Iphepha le-4. Iphepha lokuhluza i-fiber firter

Iifilitha ze-fiber ze-fiber zaziwa ngokuba yindawo yabo yokulinganisa i-fighting kunye nokuhambelana nezinyibilikisi ezinobundlongondlongo. Zihlala zisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifuna amanqanaba aphezulu ukuhamba kwaye zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwiisampulu ze-viscous.

I-5. Iphepha lokuhluza i-fiber ye-fiber

La maphepha afilotha eyenziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa ezifana nePolypropylene okanye iPolysist. Banokungaxhathisa amachiza amakhamiheli kunye nokuqina kunamaphepha emisini yemveli.

Inkqubo yemveliso yePhepha

Ukuveliswa kwephepha lokucoca kubandakanya amanyathelo aliqela:

Ukukhetha izinto eziphathekayo: Esona sixhobo siphambili se-selulose ethathwe kwiintsinga zezityalo ezinje ngekotoni okanye i-pulp yenkuni. Iintsinga zokwenziwa zinokongezwa kuxhomekeka kwipropathi oyifunayo.

Ukulungiswa kwe-fiber: Iseli iqhekezwe kwiintsinga ezincinci ezinokuthi zidityaniswe namanzi ukwenza isilayidi.

Ukuqulunqwa kwephepha

Ukomisa: Emva kokwakha, amashiti asebenza kwinkqubo yokomisa ukususa amanzi angaphezulu.
Ukudibana: Kuxhomekeka ekusebenziseni okucetywayo, iikhemikhali ezahlukeneyo zingasetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukusebenza kwesihluzi, njengokuphucula amandla okanye ukumelana nemichiza.

Izicelo zePhepha lePhepha

Iifilitha zamaphepha zinoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kumashishini ahlukeneyo:

1. Izicelo zeLebhu

Elabhoratri, iphepha lokucoca lele ntembeli zilandelayo:

Ukulungiselela isampulu: Susa iinkcukacha zokucacisa isisombululo ngaphambi kohlalutyo.

Uhlalutyo lwe-Gravimetric: Qokelela intsalela emva kokufakwa kwi-filcimetion yenqanaba elichanekileyo.

Uvavanyo lwe-Microbiological: Qikelela i-microorganisms kwiisampulu ezingamanzi.

2. Ukuhlolwa kwendalo

Iphepha lokucoca lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuvavanyeni umgangatho wendalo esingqongileyo:

Ukuvavanywa komgangatho wamanzi: Kusetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya iisampulu zamanzi ngokucoca ungcoliseko.

Ukubek'esweni komgangatho womoya: isetyenziselwa ukubamba umcimbi ophantsi komoya ngohlalutyo.

I-3. Ukufihlwa kwemisebenzi

Kwiseto semizi-mveliso:

Ukupeyinta okupeyintiweyo: Ngokuyisusa ukungcola kwiipeyinti kunye neengubo.

I-oyile

Izibonelelo zokusebenzisa amaphepha amaphepha

Izibonelelo zokusebenzisa iPhepha lePhepha lePhepha liquka:

Ukusebenza ngempumelelo: ihlala ifikeleleke kunezinye iindlela zokuzimela ezifana ne-membrane okanye izihluzi zoomatshini.

UkuSebenzisa okuKhawulezayo: Elula ukusebenza kwaye akukho zixhobo zikhethekileyo ezifunekayo.

Ukusebenza: Ifumaneka kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezicelo ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuhambelana kwamachili: Iindidi ezininzi zinokunyamezela imichiza ezonakalisayo, zomeleze ukusebenza kwazo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuqwalaselwa xa usebenzisa amaphepha amaphepha

Ngelixa kukho izinto ezisebenzayo, kukho izinto ezithile ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa usebenzisa amaphepha amaphepha:

Ukukhetha uhlobo lwasekunene: Ukukhetha uhlobo oluchanekileyo ngokusekwe kwiimfuno zesicelo kubalulekile ekufezekiseni iziphumo ezilungileyo.

Ukuqwalaselwa kokuphathwayo: Unonophelo kufuneka luthathelwe ukunqanda ungcoliseko ngexesha lokuphatha nokugcina.

Ukunqongophala kweqondo lobushushu: Ayizizo zonke amaphepha okuhluza kunokumelana nobushushu obuphakamileyo; Izinto ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zikhethwe ngokusekwe kwiimfuno zesicelo.

Iifilitha zamaphepha sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kumashishini amaninzi ngenxa yokwazi kwabo ukuze basebenzise i-solidis eyahlukileyo ezivela kulwelo okanye iigesi. Zininzi iintlobo zeefiltri zamaphepha ezihlangabezana nezidingo ezithile kwiilebhu, ukubeka iliso kwindalo esingqongileyo, ukuveliswa kokutya kunye neenkqubo zokuqeshisa. Ukuqonda iimpawu, iinkqubo zokwenza imveliso, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamaphepha amaphepha avumela abasebenzisi ukuba bakhethe olona hlobo lufanelekileyo kwiimfuno zabo, ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezisemgangathweni ezizezomsebenzi. Njengoko inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, ingeniso kwi-filter yoyilo yephepha liyaqhubeka nokuphucula ukusebenza kwabo nokwandisa izicelo zabo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo.

Ngaphambili:

Yeyiphi i-HPLC ilungele ukuhlaziywa kwe-UV-?

Okulandelayo:

Ungayenza njani ingxaki kwimiba eqhelekileyo ye-2ml automampler