Amashubhu we-Chemigen Oxygen (COD) angamathuluzi abalulekile ekuhlaziyweni kwemvelo, ikakhulukazi ekuhlolweni kwekhwalithi yamanzi ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene kufaka phakathi ama-soparal, ezimboni, kanye nakusebetorories kwezemvelo. Lawa mashubhu akhethekile enzelwe ukumelana nobunzima benqubo yokuhlola i-COD, ehilela ukukala inani le-oksijini elidingekayo kumakhemikhali we-opidize we-organic kwisampula yamanzi. Lo mbhalo uhlola umsebenzi, ukwakhiwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kweAmashubhu weCod, ukugqamisa ukubaluleka kwabo ekuqapheleni kwemvelo kanye nokwelashwa kwamanzi.

Ngeminye imininingwane ngamashubhu wokuhlola ama-COD kanye nezicelo zawo ekuhlaziyweni kwamanzi, bhekani kulesi sihloko: "Yeka ukuthi ishubhu lokuhlola i-COD lisetshenziswa kanjani ekuhlaziyweni kwamanzi."

Ukuqonda okufunwa kwe-cheming oxygen (cod)

I-COD yipharamitha esemqoka esetshenziselwa ukuhlola izinga lokungcoliswa kwe-organic emzimbeni wamanzi. Kukala ukufunwa kwe-oxygen ephelele kukhiqizwa lapho wonke ama-organic complient esampula afakwa oxidant oxidant oxidant oxidant (imvamisa potassium dichromate) ngaphansi kwezimo ze-acidic. Amanani we-COD anganikeza ukuqonda ngomthelela ongaba khona wamanzi amdaka endalini yasemanzini, njengoba ukugxila okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo kungadala ukuncipha kwe-oxygen ekutholeni amanzi asolwandle.

Ukwakhiwa kwamashubhu wokuhlola ama-cod

Amashubhu wokuhlola amaCodzenziwe ngokuyinhloko ngengilazi ye-borossilte, ezaziwa ngokumelana kwayo okuhle kakhulu okushisayo kanye namakhemikhali. Lokhu okuqukethwe kubalulekile njengoba inqubo yokugaya ukugaya idinga amasampula okushisa acishe abe ngu-150 ° C amahora amabili. Amashubhu wokuhlola afakwe ukuvalwa kwesikulufa esivame ukufaka i-PTFE \ airpicone septum ukuvikela ukuvuza nokungcola ngesikhathi sokugaya.

Izici ezibalulekile

Izinto ezibonakalayo: Ingilazi ye-borosilucate iqinisekisa ukuqina nokumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo kanye nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali.

Idizayini: I-Screw-Cap Design ivumela ukubekwa uphawu okuvikelekile ngesikhathi sokugayeka okushisa kakhulu.

Ukuhlukahluka kobukhulu

Inqubo yokugaya

Inqubo yokuhlola i-COD ifaka izinyathelo eziningana ezibucayi:

Ukulungiswa kwesampula: Isampula lamanzi liqoqwe futhi ligcinwe nge-sulfuric acid ukuqinisa into ephilayo.

I-Aliquoting: ivolumu elilinganisiwe (imvamisa 2 ml) yesampula idluliselwa kushubhu elungiselelwe yangaphambi kokulungiswa kwe-COD.

Ukugaya:Ishubhu lokuhlolaibekwe kwi-cod reactior isethwe ku-150 ° C amahora amabili. Ngalesi sikhathi, udaba lwe-organic lufakwa yi-potassium dichromate endaweni ene-acidic.

Ukukalwa: Ngemuva kokugaya, ukumunca kwezixazululo okuholela kulinganiswa kusetshenziswa i-spectrophotometer kuma-wavelength athile (imvamisa cishe ngo-600 nm) ukunquma ukugcwala kwezinto eziphilayo ze-oxid.

Le ndlela ivumela ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwekhwalithi yamanzi kuqhathaniswa nokuhlolwa kwe-biochemical oxygen funa (okuthatha izinsuku eziningana ukuveza imiphumela.

Ufuna ukwazi kabanzi nge-COD Test Tube, sicela uhlole le ndatshana:I-COD Test Tube nge-PP Screw cap yokuhlaziywa kwamanzi

Izicelo zamashubhu wokuhlola i-COD

1. Ukwelashwa kwamanzi

Ezikhungweni zokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka, ukuhlolwa kwama-cod kubalulekile ekuqapheleni ukusebenza kwezinqubo zokwelashwa. Ngokukala amazinga e-COD ngaphambi nangemva kokwelashwa, abahlinzeki bangahlola ukuthi ngabe indawo isusa yini ukungcoliswa kwezinto eziphilayo kumanzi angcolile. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekwakheni izinqubo zokwelashwa kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nemithetho yezemvelo ekhombisa imikhawulo eyamukelekayo yokukhipha.

2. Ukuqapha Kwezemvelo

Ama-ejensi ezemvelo asebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-COD ukuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi emifuleni, amachibi, neminye imizimba yemvelo yamanzi. Ukuhlolwa njalo kusiza ukubona imithombo yokungcola futhi kuhlole impilo yemvelo yezindawo zasemanzini. Amazinga we-COC aphezulu angakhombisa ukungcoliswa kusuka ekulahlekelweni kwezimboni noma ekuhambeni kwemisebenzi yezolimo, kushukumisela ukuqhubeka kokuphenywa kanye nemizamo yokulungisa.

3. Ukulandela umthetho wokulawula

Imikhawulo eminingi isungule imikhawulo yokulawula yamazinga e-COD kumanzi angcolile akhishwe ukuze avikele i-aquatic ecosystems. Ngokwenza izivivinyo ezijwayelekile ze-COD zisebenzisa izindlela ezijwayelekile nemishini efana namashubhu wokuhlola i-COD, izitshalo zokwelashwa zingakhombisa ukuthobela le mithethonqubo futhi zigweme izinhlawulo ezithile noma isenzo sezomthetho.

4. Ucwaningo Nentuthuko

Kumasethingi okucwaninga wezemfundo kanye nezimboni,Amashubhu wokuhlola amaCodbaqashwa ezifundweni okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha we-wastewater ukwelashwa noma ukuqonda kokuziphatha okungcolile kwezinto eziphilayo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Ukulinganisa okunembile kwe-COD kubalulekile ekuhlolweni ukusebenza kwezindlela ezintsha noma ukuqhathanisa izinketho zokwelashwa ezahlukahlukene.

Imikhuba emihle kakhulu yokusebenzisa amashubhu wokuhlola ama-COC

Ukuqinisekisa imiphumela efanele lapho usebenzisaAmashubhu wokuhlola amaCod, kubalulekile ukulandela izindlela ezinhle kakhulu:

Ukuvimbela Ukungcola: Qinisekisa ukuthi yonke imishini ihlanzekile futhi ikhululekile ezitokisini ngaphambi kokusebenzisa.

Ukusingathwa okufanele: Sebenzisa imishini efanelekile yokuzivikela (i-PPE) lapho uphatha ama-reagents ayingozi aqukethe ngaphakathi kwamashubhu wokuhlola.

Ukulinganisa: kulinganisela njalo imishini yokubuka ama-spectrophotometric esetshenziselwa ukukala ukumunca ukugcina ukunemba.

Landela imiyalo yomenzi: Namathela ngokuqinile kwimihlahlandlela enikezwe abakhiqizi maqondana nokulungiswa kwesampula, isikhathi sokugaya, kanye nezilungiselelo zokushisa.

Ukugcina

Amashubhu wokuhlola amaCodiyithuluzi elisemqoka ekuhlaziyeni kwemvelo, elinikeza idatha ebucayi ngekhwalithi yamanzi namazinga okungcola. Idizayini yabo ebanjiwe izenza zikwazi ukubekezelela izimo zokuhlola ezifunwa ngenkathi zinikeza izilinganiso ezinembile ezibalulekile ekuphathweni kwamanzi okusebenza ngokusebenza kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Njengemithethonqubo ephathelene nekhwalithi yamanzi iba khona ngokwengeziwe, ukuhlolwa kwama-cod kuzoqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni imvelo yasemanzini kanye nempilo yomphakathi ngezinqumo ezinolwazi ngokusekelwe kwimininingwane ethembekile.

Ukuqonda okujulile kokuthi ama-cod vials asebenza kanjani ekuhlolweni kwamanzi, sicela ubheke kule ndatshana: "Umgomo osebenzayo we-Cod Vial."

Okwedlule:

Ungakugwema Kanjani ukuhlunga impumelelo ekuhlunga kwesirinji

Olandelayo:

Ngabe usayizi wokuhlunga we-syringe ubuthinta kanjani ubumsulwa besampula?